摘要：美国科学家发现在耐铝、耐旱和耐高浓度臭氧测试中，“菲斯克比”大豆的表现非常突出，通过引入“菲斯克比”大豆的基因，北美大豆耐臭氧和其他压力的能力将有巨大的提升潜力。
【美国每日科学网站7月29日报道】题：瑞典村庄惊现珍贵大豆基因
美国农业部科学家对美国大豆的祖先耐臭氧和其他压力的第一次筛查有了惊人的发现：世界上的超级耐压明星竟然来自一个名叫菲斯克比的瑞典北部小村庄。
参与这项研究的遗传学家汤米·卡特和植物生理学家肯特·伯基都供职于位于北卡罗来纳州罗利的农业研究所。卡特在大豆与固氮研究室工作，伯基在植物科学研究室工作。
在分析了数千种大豆并编制出北美大豆的系谱后，卡特发现了北美大豆的30种祖先，它们身上共有北美大豆92%的遗传物质。卡特首先对它们进行了耐盐测试，结果发现“菲斯克比840-7-3”和“菲斯克比Ⅲ”两种大豆耐盐能力最强。
卡特发现，在耐铝、耐旱和耐高浓度臭氧测试中，“菲斯克比”大豆的表现也非常突出。另外，“菲斯克比”大豆对铁质缺乏和土壤中有毒的铝也有耐受性。
研究人员查找了育种系谱记录，结果发现只有几种美国大豆品种的祖先是耐压的“菲斯克比”大豆。这意味着，通过引入“菲斯克比”大豆的基因，北美大豆耐臭氧和其他压力的能力将有巨大的提升潜力。
伯基、卡特和明尼苏达大学遗传学家吉姆·奥夫让“菲斯克比Ⅲ”大豆和易受臭氧影响的“曼达林·奥塔瓦”大豆杂交，并培育出240个育种品种。（生物探索编辑）
生物探索推荐英文原文报道：
Soybean Genetic Treasure Trove Found in Swedish Village
The first screening by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists of the American ancestors of soybeans for tolerance to ozone and other stresses had an eye-opening result: The world superstars of stress resistance hailed from a little village in far northern Sweden, called Fiskeby.
The screeners, geneticist Tommy Carter and plant physiologist Kent Burkey, are with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) in Raleigh, NC. Carter works in the ARS Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, and Burkey is in the agency's Plant Science Research Unit. ARS is USDA's principal intramural scientific research agency.
Pictured: ARS geneticist Tommy Carter (right) and ARS plant physiologist Kent Burkey have found that Fiskeby soybeans from northern Sweden have outstanding tolerance for salt, high levels of ozone, drought, iron deficiency and commonly toxic levels of soil aluminum.
After analyzing thousands of soybean types to generate the family tree of North American soybeans, Carter found 30 ancestors, which together account for 92 percent of the genetic material in North American soybeans. He screened these ancestors first for salt tolerance. Two lines of vegetable soybeans, Fiskeby 840-7-3 and Fiskeby III, were the most salt tolerant.
Carter screened for aluminum tolerance, and again the Fiskeby plants stood out -- and the same thing happened when he screened for tolerance to drought and high ozone levels. The Fiskeby plants also were found to be resistant to iron deficiency and toxic soil aluminum.
The scientists searched breeder pedigree records and found that only a few U.S. cultivars trace their ancestry to the Fiskeby stress-tolerant types. This indicates that there is great potential to increase tolerance to ozone and other stresses in North American soybeans by adding genes from Fiskeby.
Burkey, Carter and Jim Orf, a geneticist at the University of Minnesota at St. Paul, have crossed Fiskeby III with ozone-susceptible Mandarin Ottawa soybeans and developed 240 breeding lines from the offspring.
With the help of funding from the United Soybean Board of Chesterfield, Mo., the team is mapping the genes in these lines to see which are connected to resistance to ozone and the other stresses.
The Swedish soybeans appear to have an even more pronounced resistance to ozone than to the other stresses. Understanding the ozone effect may be key to unraveling the secrets of the broad stress resistance of the Swedish soybeans.
