
近日,来自英国的科学家证明,他们已经发现人体抵抗艾滋病毒的关键机制,这为人们研发艾滋病新药开辟了一条新途径。
这项研究发表在11月6日《自然》网络版上,由英国曼彻斯特大学和英国医学研究理事会国立医学研究院的研究人员共同完成。这意味着人类对艾滋病的认识又进了一步。
之前,美国和法国的科学家即发现,人体中有一种名为SAMHD1的蛋白质能够阻止HIV病毒在骨髓白细胞中复制,但是它究竟是怎样作用的,当时科学家并不清楚。现在,这项研究揭开了谜底。
研究人员发现,SAMHD1蛋白能够降解核苷酸,而核苷酸是HIV病毒复制所需的原料,因此,SAMHD1蛋白能够有效阻止HIV病毒的复制。
“我们希望在分子水平上对‘SAMHD1蛋白阻止HIV病毒复制’这一生物过程进行更精确地定义,从而为HIV的治疗甚至疫苗开发提供一条新途径。”来自MRC的国家医学研究所的Ian Taylor博士说道。
这正是这项研究的意义所在。当研究人员揭示了SAMHD1蛋白的作用机理之后,药物开发人员可以据此开发出一种新药,让它在人体内模仿上述生物过程,避免艾滋病毒复制,避免艾滋病毒在体内进一步扩散,最终达到避免艾滋病毒感染的目的。(生物探索译)
相关英文论文摘要:
HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase
SAMHD1, an analogue of the murine interferon (IFN)-γ-induced gene Mg11 (ref. ), has recently been identified as a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) restriction factor that blocks early-stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells and is the target of the lentiviral protein Vpx, which can relieve HIV-1 restriction. SAMHD1 is also associated with Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), an inflammatory encephalopathy characterized by chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis and elevated levels of the antiviral cytokine IFN-α. The pathology associated with AGS resembles congenital viral infection, such as transplacentally acquired HIV. Here we show that human SAMHD1 is a potent dGTP-stimulated triphosphohydrolase that converts deoxynucleoside triphosphates to the constituent deoxynucleoside and inorganic triphosphate. The crystal structure of the catalytic core of SAMHD1 reveals that the protein is dimeric and indicates a molecular basis for dGTP stimulation of catalytic activity against dNTPs. We propose that SAMHD1, which is highly expressed in dendritic cells, restricts HIV-1 replication by hydrolysing the majority of cellular dNTPs, thus inhibiting reverse transcription and viral complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis.
英文论文链接:https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10623.html#/author-information
