Nature Genetics:科学家发现与卵巢癌有关新遗传变异

2011-11-09 07:00 · 张润如

研究人员通过全基因组序列分析,发现了一种新的与卵巢癌发生有关的遗传变异,这项研究将有助于预测罹患卵巢癌的高位人群,以及对于这种重要的疾病的治疗。

来自deCODE生物学公司,冰岛大学等处的研究人员发表了题为“Mutations in BRIP1 confer high risk of ovarian cancer”的文章,通过全基因组序列分析,发现了一种新的与卵巢癌发生有关的遗传变异,这项研究将有助于预测罹患卵巢癌的高位人群,以及对于这种重要的疾病的治疗。这一研究成果公布在《自然—遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志上。

领导这项研究的是deCODE生物学公司的Thorunn Rafnar和Kari Stefansson,前者获得过多项癌症研究重要成果,曾发现过多种与肺癌,皮肤癌,前列腺癌相关的遗传突变,而后者作为deCODE公司创始人,也是一位著名的科学家。

卵巢癌是女性生殖器官常见的肿瘤之一,发病率仅次于子宫颈癌和子宫体癌而列居第三位。但因卵巢癌致死者,却占各类妇科肿瘤的首位,对妇女生命造成严重威胁。卵巢癌的病因尚不清楚,其发病可能与年龄、生育、血型、精神因素及环境等有关。

在这篇文章中,研究人员分析了457个冰岛人的全基因组序列和冰岛族谱信息,对41.675位冰岛人进行了基因变异与卵巢癌相关性测试。结果发现一个名为BRIP1基因上的罕见突变会导致罹患卵巢癌的风险增加8倍,而且还会导致寿命的减少。

BRIP1基因是一种抑癌基因,2006年来自英国的科学发现这一基因发生变异会增加患乳腺癌的风险。而最新的这项又表明了这一基因发生突变与卵巢癌的关联。研究人员认为通过基因筛查,可以找到高风险卵巢癌妇女,因为卵巢癌很难在早期被发现,一旦发现就是晚期,如果能在早期发现,就能增加90%的存活希望,因此这项研究将有助于卵巢癌的诊断和治疗。

除此之外,近期来自芝加哥大学的研究人员在卵巢癌中证实胃肠道的脂肪细胞为肿瘤提供营养,促进了卵巢癌的快速生长及转移。研究人员表示这一机制可能不仅局限于卵巢癌,脂肪细胞可能还在其他脂肪组织丰富的器官如乳腺中充当了癌细胞的“帮凶”。(生物探索)

相关英文论文摘要:

Mutations in BRIP1 confer high risk of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Sixteen million sequence variants, identified through whole-genome sequencing of 457 Icelanders, were imputed to 41,675 Icelanders genotyped using SNP chips, as well as to their relatives. Sequence variants were tested for association with ovarian cancer (N of affected individuals = 656). We discovered a rare (0.41% allelic frequency) frameshift mutation, c.2040_2041insTT, in the BRIP1 (FANCJ) gene that confers an increase in ovarian cancer risk (odds ratio (OR) = 8.13, P = 2.8 × 10−14). The mutation was also associated with increased risk of cancer in general and reduced lifespan by 3.6 years. In a Spanish population, another frameshift mutation in BRIP1, c.1702_1703del, was seen in 2 out of 144 subjects with ovarian cancer and 1 out of 1,780 control subjects (P = 0.016). This allele was also associated with breast cancer (seen in 6/927 cases; P = 0.0079). Ovarian tumors from heterozygous carriers of the Icelandic mutation show loss of the wild-type allele, indicating that BRIP1 behaves like a classical tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer.

英文论文链接https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v43/n11/abs/ng.955.html

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