细胞必须控制转座子和外源遗传片段以维持基因组稳定性。在配子中，尤其重要的是转座子的隐秘活动能影响下一代。如今，我们了解到生物体存在许多途径，小RNA借助这些途径能引导蛋白质去沉默基因组中的转座子。真核生物和原核生物都存在这些机制：识别外源遗传片段、激活沉默应答和记忆活跃的转座事件。小RNA和piwi蛋白（piRNAs）对于这些过程很关键。
2007年Brennecke 等人提出，piRNA途径充当适应性分子免疫系统，能感应和作用适应性转座子，最终引起沉默。我们收集这此类研究，希望能以更广阔的视野去了解小RNA在维持基因组稳定性时的作用。
推荐阅读：果蝇中离散型小RNA合成位点是调控转座子活性的主要区域
An understanding of transposon-defense pathways has uncovered recurring themes in the mechanisms by which genomes distinguish “self” from “non-self” and selectively silence the latter.
3′ end methylation is tightly coupled with trimming and yet is not a prerequisite for determining the mature piRNA length. Our system provides a biochemical framework for dissecting piRNA biogenesis.
果蝇HP1同源 Rhino 蛋白是转座子沉默和双股基因簇合成piRNA的必需条件
Rhino protein associates with the 42AB dual-strand cluster,but does not bind to uni-strand cluster 2 or flamenco. Rhino thus appears to promote transcription of dual-strand clusters,
小鼠生殖细胞中线粒体蛋白 MITOPLD 对核周结构和 piRNA 的形成是不可或缺的
Our results indicate a conserved role for MITOPLD/Zuc in the piRNA pathway and link mitochondrial membrane metabolism/signaling to small RNA biogenesis.
piRNA相关的核周结构和精子形成离不开线粒体外膜的磷脂信号
MitoPLD and Lipin 1 have opposing effects on mitochondria length and on intermitochondrial cement (nuage), a structure found between aggregated mitochondria that is implicated in piRNA generation.
雄性小鼠生殖细胞中逆转座子沉默离不开TDRD9-MIWI2 复合物
Here we show that tudor-domain containing 9 (Tdrd9) is essential for silencing Line-1 retrotransposon in the mouse male germline.
果蝇卵巢中的生殖细胞和体细胞中存在特殊 piRNA 特殊通路
Here, we analyzed nine Drosophila piRNA pathway mutants for their impacts on both small RNA populations and the subcellular localization patterns of Piwi proteins.
CRISPR 系统: 细菌和古细菌中小 RNA 介导的防御系统
Here we review the inner workings of this adaptable and heritable immune system and draw comparisons to small RNA-guided defense mechanisms in eukaryotic cells.
CRISPR系统中RNA-Cas蛋白复合体在RNA 介导下对RNA进行酶切
Here, we have identified a CRISPR-Cas effector complex that is comprised of small invader-targeting RNAs from the CRISPR loci (termed prokaryotic silencing (psi)RNAs) and the RAMP module (or Cmr) Cas proteins.
线虫生殖细胞中不同 22G-RNA 通路在Argonaute介导下对基因组进行”侦查“
Here, we combine deep-sequencing and genetic approaches to explore the biogenesis and function of endo-siRNAs in C. elegans.
CDE-1 通过CSR-1-与 siRNAs键的尿苷化作用影响染色体分类
We found that CDE-1 is required for the uridylation of CSR-1 bound siRNAs, and that in the absence of CDE-1 these siRNAs accumulate to inappropriate levels, accompanied by defects in both meiotic and mitotic chromosome segregation.
We propose a conserved role for reprogramming in germline companion cells, such as nurse cells in insects and vegetative nuclei in plants, to reveal intact TEs in the genome and regulate their activity in gametes.
