
近日,中国科学技术大学生命科学学院吴缅教授研究组与澳大利亚纽卡斯尔大学张旭东教授合作,通过表观遗传学的研究手段,发现非编码RNA miR-149*参与黑色素瘤的发生和发展,揭示了一种p53依赖型的非编码微小RNA促进黑色素瘤发生的新机理。研究成果以MicroRNA-149*, a p53-responsive microRNA, functions as an oncogenic regulator in human melanoma为题,刊登在9月20日出版的美国《国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。
p53被认为是迄今为止所发现的最为重要的肿瘤抑制因子,它在人类50%以上的肿瘤细胞中都发生了各种不同程度的突变。然而在黑色素瘤中,p53在多数情况下呈野生型,并且高量表达,并不具有抑制肿瘤的能力,甚至在某些药物作用下,p53还起到保护肿瘤的作用。p53在黑色素瘤中的这一“反常”现象长期困惑着这一领域的研究人员。
吴缅研究组的研究工作表明,黑色素瘤在发生过程中长期伴随内质网(蛋白质合成的场所)压力的存在,而p53通过调控一种非编码的microRNA149*(microRNA是一种小分子RNA,主要功能是调节生物体内在的与机体生长、发育、疾病发生过程有关的基因的表达),经过一系列信号传导,最终稳定Mcl-1(一种重要的凋亡抑制蛋白)的表达,从而使黑色素瘤细胞能够更好地“适应”内质网压力而得以生存。
这一结果揭示了一种p53依赖型的非编码微小RNA促进黑色素瘤发生的新机理,并且证实了p53的这一新功能具有黑色素瘤的特异性。研究人员通过对60位黑色素瘤临床病人病例切片的研究,也证实了非编码微小RNA149*均呈现显著的高表达,同时也意味着这可以作为黑色素瘤临床诊断的分子指标。另外,在小鼠体内抑制该微小RNA的实验结果表明,miRNA-149*同样可以作为一个潜在的黑色素瘤的治疗靶位,用于临床药物的研发。
该论文的共同第一作者是吴缅实验室的博士生金雷和胡汪来,以及纽卡斯尔大学的Chen Chen Jiang。
相关英文论文摘要:
MicroRNA-149*, a p53-responsive microRNA, functions as an oncogenic regulator in human melanoma
The tumor suppressor p53 is activated in response to cellular stress to prevent malignant transformation by activation of the DNA repair machinery to preserve the cell, or by induction of apoptosis to eliminate the cell should the damage prove irrevocable. The gene encoding p53 frequently undergoes inactivating mutations in many human cancers, but WT p53 is often expressed at high levels in melanoma, which, as judged from the malignant nature of the disease, fails to act as an effective tumor suppressor. Here we show that p53 directly up-regulates microRNA-149* (miR-149*) that in turn targets glycogen synthase kinase-3α, resulting in increased expression of Mcl-1 and resistance to apoptosis in melanoma cells. Although deficiency in miR-149* undermined survival of melanoma cells and inhibited melanoma growth in a mouse xenograft model, elevated expression of miR-149* was found in fresh human metastatic melanoma isolates, which was associated with decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3α and increased Mcl-1. These results reveal a p53-dependent, miR-149*–mediated pathway that contributes to survival of melanoma cells, provides a rational explanation for the ineffectiveness of p53 to suppress melanoma, and identifies the expression of miR-149* as a mechanism involved in the increased expression of Mcl-1 in melanoma cells.
