美国著名物理学家霍金就患有渐冻人症
渐冻人症的学名为肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(英文缩写:ALS),其症状表现为由于上、下运动神经元退化和死亡并停止传送讯息到肌肉,肌肉逐渐衰弱、萎缩,以致最后大脑完全丧失控制肌肉的能力。著名英国物理学家史提芬.霍金患的即是此症。痴呆症又名额颞叶痴呆症(英文缩写:FTD),美国前总统里根、拳王阿里等皆患此症。ALS和FTD的临床症状很不相同,但在某些人身上又有一些相似的地方。2006年,研究人员确认此两种病症源于9号染色体中的某个变异基因,但没能确定具体是哪个基因的突变导致这些疾病,于是展开了一场寻找特定基因的赛跑。
近日,美国梅奥医院(Mayo Clinic)的Rosa Rademakers医生领导的小组和国家老年病研究所(National Institute on Aging)的Bryan Traynor 领导的小组分别独立地发现以上两种病症源于同一个基因的突变,该基因就是C9ORF72。Rademakers说,这个基因很不起眼,医生们过去对它的功能一无所知,但它现在是圈内每个人都等待已久的谜底。
上述发现发表在9月21日的Neuron杂志网络版上。有专家评论说,这是领域内的一大进步,医生们终于找到了罪魁祸首;下一步他们将着手解答何种突变导致ALS何种突变导致FTD,以及这两种疾病的致病机理方面的问题。
相关英文原文摘要:
Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS
Several families have been reported with autosomal-dominant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), genetically linked to chromosome 9p21. Here, we report an expansion of a noncoding GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in the gene C9ORF72 that is strongly associated with disease in a large FTD/ALS kindred, previously reported to be conclusively linked to chromosome 9p. This same repeat expansion was identified in the majority of our families with a combined FTD/ALS phenotype and TDP-43-based pathology. Analysis of extended clinical series found the C9ORF72 repeat expansion to be the most common genetic abnormality in both familial FTD (11.7%) and familial ALS (23.5%). The repeat expansion leads to the loss of one alternatively spliced C9ORF72 transcript and to formation of nuclear RNA foci, suggesting multiple disease mechanisms. Our findings indicate that repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is a major cause of both FTD and ALS.
英文原文链接:https://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(11)00828-2