吃药时加点糖是人们常有的经历,一般来说都是为了更好地帮助药物下咽,而英国《自然》杂志刊登的一项最新研究说,加糖还可能会帮助增强抗生素类药物的杀菌效果。
现在使用杀菌药物时常有的一个问题是,有小部分细菌会在体内转入类似休眠的状态,在这种状态下细菌并不活跃,因此药物也对它们没有效果,它们会在药物的攻击波中逃过一劫。但在几周或几月后,这些细菌又会变回活跃状态,导致疾病长期持续难以根除。

Nature:吃药加糖可能增强药物杀菌效果
不过,这些休眠的细菌并非发生了变异而产生了耐药性,因此只要能让它们从休眠中醒来,普通药物就仍然有效。美国波士顿大学等机构的研究人员报告说找到了一种简单方便的方法,就是在服药的同时加一些糖。糖分会刺激休眠中的细菌,使它们早早变回活跃状态,从而有利于药物对其一网打尽。
领导研究的詹姆斯·柯林斯教授说,英谚有云“一勺糖可以帮助药物下咽”,现在也许可以改成“一勺糖可以帮助药物工作”。
实验显示,在使用药物对付大肠杆菌的同时如果加点糖,可在两个小时内消灭99.9%的休眠细菌,但如果不加糖就没有这种效果。另外,使用药物对付金黄色葡萄球菌时也有这种效果。研究人员正在探索这种方法是否也会对引起肺结核等疾病的其他一些细菌有效。
不过,目前研究人员只在动物身上进行了试验,还需要进一步研究确认该方法对人体是否有效。如果同样的方法适用于人类,就意味着不需要联合使用多种抗生素或开发新药就能取得更好的杀菌效果,可帮助减少感染、节约医疗成本。
生物探索推荐英文论文摘要:
Metabolite-enabled eradication of bacterial persisters by aminoglycosides
Bacterial persistence is a state in which a sub-population of dormant cells, or ‘persisters’, tolerates antibiotic treatment. Bacterial persisters have been implicated in biofilms and in chronic and recurrent infections. Despite this clinical relevance, there are currently no viable means for eradicating persisters. Here we show that specific metabolic stimuli enable the killing of both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) persisters with aminoglycosides. This potentiation is aminoglycoside-specific, it does not rely on growth resumption and it is effective in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It proceeds by the generation of a proton-motive force which facilitates aminoglycoside uptake. Our results demonstrate that persisters, although dormant, are primed for metabolite uptake, central metabolism and respiration. We show that aminoglycosides can be used in combination with specific metabolites to treat E. coli and S. aureus biofilms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can improve the treatment of chronic infections in a mouse urinary tract infection model. This work establishes a strategy for eradicating bacterial persisters that is based on metabolism, and highlights the importance of the metabolic environment to antibiotic treatment.
