干细胞疗法在修补组织和器官的损伤方面有巨大潜力,但也可能诱发肿瘤。美国研究人员日前设计出一种细胞筛选方法,可望消除这种隐患。
干细胞是尚未分化的细胞,能发育成不同类型的细胞,胚胎干细胞的分化潜力最强。理论上,用患者自身的细胞培养干细胞,分化成所需要的细胞来修补组织和器官,不会引起自身免疫系统的排斥,是理想的治疗手段。
但强大的分化潜力也会带来麻烦。在把分化好的细胞或组织移植给患者时,如果其中混有尚未分化的胚胎干细胞,它们进入人体后可能会失控,发育成一种怪异的肿瘤——畸胎瘤,其中包含多种组织,例如肌肉、毛发甚至牙齿。

胚胎干细胞
美国斯坦福大学的研究人员最近在《自然•生物技术》杂志上报告说,他们新发现一种抗体能与胚胎干细胞紧密结合,称为SSEA-5。试验表明,将这种抗体与另两种已知能与干细胞结合的抗体联合使用,能有效清除不需要的干细胞。
研究人员说,使用上述抗体组合,可以从一次干细胞治疗所需的1000万甚至1亿个已分化细胞中,清除掉残存的极少数未分化细胞。
具体做法是,用荧光染色剂对这些抗体进行标记,添加到正在发育分化的胚胎干细胞中。这样就可以利用一种现成的筛选技术——荧光激活细胞分选法,把未分化的胚胎干细胞筛选出来。
研究人员将由干细胞分化而成、并且用新方法进行了筛选的血液细胞注射到实验鼠体内,发现没有畸胎瘤产生。研究人员说,如果不加筛选,畸胎瘤的发生率就很高。
生物探索推荐英文论文摘要:
An antibody against SSEA-5 glycan on human pluripotent stem cells enables removal of teratoma-forming cells
An important risk in the clinical application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESCs and hiPSCs), is teratoma formation by residual undifferentiated cells. We raised a monoclonal antibody against hESCs, designated anti–stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-5, which binds a previously unidentified antigen highly and specifically expressed on hPSCs—the H type-1 glycan. Separation based on SSEA-5 expression through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) greatly reduced teratoma-formation potential of heterogeneously differentiated cultures. To ensure complete removal of teratoma-forming cells, we identified additional pluripotency surface markers (PSMs) exhibiting a large dynamic expression range during differentiation: CD9, CD30, CD50, CD90 and CD200. Immunohistochemistry studies of human fetal tissues and bioinformatics analysis of a microarray database revealed that concurrent expression of these markers is both common and specific to hPSCs. Immunodepletion with antibodies against SSEA-5 and two additional PSMs completely removed teratoma-formation potential from incompletely differentiated hESC cultures.
