摘要：美国一项调查分析显示，因家庭成员吸烟而接触二手烟的孩子，出现多动症、学习障碍、品行障碍等行为问题的风险显著高于其他儿童。
这项调查由美国哈佛大学和爱尔兰一家禁烟研究机构的人员共同完成，涉及5.5万多名12岁以下儿童。在调查对象中，约8%的儿童有学习障碍；6%的儿童有注意力缺陷多动障碍，也就是儿童多动症；近4%的儿童有品行障碍，即反复出现违反社会规范、侵犯他人利益的行为。
分析显示，生活在吸烟家庭的儿童，出现上述常见行为障碍的风险比一般孩子高出50%以上，男孩、9岁到11岁的大孩子以及贫困家庭的孩子面临的风险更高。相关论文于7月11日发表在美国《儿科》杂志网络版上。
这项研究显示二手烟与儿童行为失调密切相关，但尚不足以证明两者存在因果关系。研究人员说，如果因果关系存在，估计仅美国就有超过27.4万例儿童行为障碍可以通过在家庭中消除二手烟来预防。
参与研究的儿科专家希勒尔·阿尔珀特说，孩子处于发育阶段，二手烟对他们大脑的损伤比成人更严重。他呼吁父母在家中禁烟，这不仅因为儿童的大脑比较脆弱，还因为二手烟会影响到他们的心理发育。
此前科学家曾发现，二手烟会增加儿童患呼吸道疾病、婴儿猝死等风险。这项新研究首次探讨了家庭二手烟与常见儿童行为障碍的关系。
据估计，美国有480万名12岁以下的儿童会在家庭中接触二手烟。研究人员说，有力地推动家庭自愿禁烟，可能减轻儿童行为障碍带来的健康问题和经济负担。
生物探索推荐英文论文摘要：
Sensitivity to Secondhand Smoke Exposure Predicts Future Smoking Susceptibility
Abstract
Objective: Susceptibility to cigarette smoking in tobacco-naive youth is a strong predictor of smoking initiation. Identifying mechanisms that contribute to smoking susceptibility provide information about early targets for smoking prevention. This study investigated whether sensitivity to secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) contributes to smoking susceptibility.
Participants and Methods: Subjects were high-risk, ethnically diverse 8- to 13-year-old subjects who never smoked and who lived with at least 1 smoker and who participated in a longitudinal SHSe reduction intervention trial. Reactions (eg, feeling dizzy) to SHSe were assessed at baseline, and smoking susceptibility was assessed at baseline and 3 follow-up measurements over 12 months. We examined the SHSe reaction factor structure, association with demographic characteristics, and prediction of longitudinal smoking susceptibility status.
Results: Factor analysis identified “physically unpleasant” and “pleasant” reaction factors. Reported SHSe reactions did not differ across gender or family smoking history. More black preteens reported feeling relaxed and calm, and fewer reported feeling a head rush or buzz compared with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic white counterparts. Longitudinally, 8.5% of subjects tracked along the trajectory for high (versus low) smoking susceptibility. Reporting SHSe as “unpleasant or gross” predicted a 78% reduction in the probability of being assigned to the high–smoking susceptibility trajectory (odds ratio: 0.22 [95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.95]), after covariate adjustment.
Conclusions: Assessment of SHSe sensitivity is a novel approach to the study of cigarette initiation etiology and informs prevention interventions.
