摘要：据7月6日刊《美国医学会杂志》上的一则研究披露，坚持健康的生活方式，其中包括不抽烟、经常运动、较低的体重及吃健康的饮食等看来能够降低妇女中的心源性猝死的风险。
文章的作者在本研究的背景资料中写道：“心源性猝死（SCD） [定义为在症状开始后一小时内发生的死亡，且患者没有循环衰竭的迹象] 占了所有的心源性死亡案例中的一半以上。在美国，其发生率大约为每年25万至31万例。”
波士顿哈佛医学院及布里格姆妇女医院的Stephanie E. Chiuve, Sc.D.及其同事应用采自“护士健康研究”的部分数据来调查健康的生活方式和发生SCD的风险之间的关联。这项研究纳入了总共81722名在1984年6月至2010年6月间参与了“护士健康研究”的妇女，而生活方式因素的评估是通过每2至4年所发放的问卷表来作出的。低风险生活方式被定义为：不吸烟、身体质量指数（BMI）小于25、每日运动时间30分钟或更长以及进食一种与地中海式饮食密切相关的饮食（强调大量摄取蔬菜、水果、坚果、豆类、全谷和鱼以及适度地饮酒）。
在为期26年的随访中，参加本研究的妇女中出现了321例SCD（她们在发生SCD事件时的平均年龄为72岁）。所有这4种低风险因子都与较低的SCD风险之间有着显著而且独立的关联性。不吸烟、运动及进食一种健康的饮食等每一项都与SCD风险存在着反向的关联。BMI也与SCD的风险有关联，那些BMI在21至24.9之间的妇女的风险最低。
与那些缺乏4种生活方式因子的低风险妇女相比，那些具备所有4种生活方式因子的低风险妇女发生SCD的风险要低92%。
文章的作者写道：“对SCD的初级预防依然是一个重大的公共卫生方面的挑战，因为大多数的SCD发生在那些未被认为有高风险的个人中。在这一群女性护士中，坚持总体的健康生活方式与较低的SCD风险有关联，因此它可能是一种预防SCD的有效策略。”
生物探索推荐英文论文摘要：
Adherence to a Low-Risk, Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women
ABSTRACT
Context Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for more than half of all cardiac deaths; the majority of SCD events occur as the first manifestation of heart disease, especially among women. Primary preventive strategies are needed to reduce SCD incidence.
Objective To estimate the degree to which adherence to a healthy lifestyle may lower the risk of SCD among women.
Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study of 81 722 US women in the Nurses' Health Study from June 1984 to June 2010. Lifestyle factors were assessed via questionnaires every 2 to 4 years. A low-risk lifestyle was defined as not smoking, body mass index of less than 25, exercise duration of 30 minutes/day or longer, and top 40% of the alternate Mediterranean diet score, which emphasizes high intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, whole grains, and fish and moderate intake of alcohol.
Main Outcome Measure Sudden cardiac death (defined as death occurring within 1 hour after symptom onset without evidence of circulatory collapse).
Results There were 321 cases of SCD during 26 years of follow-up. Women were a mean age of 72 years at the time of the SCD event. All 4 low-risk lifestyle factors were significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of SCD. The absolute risks of SCD were 22 cases/100 000 person-years among women with 0 low-risk factors, 17 cases/100 000 person-years with 1 low-risk factor, 18 cases/100 000 person-years with 2 low-risk factors, 13 cases/100 000 person-years with 3 low-risk factors, and 16 cases/100 000 person-years with 4 low-risk factors. Compared with women with 0 low-risk factors, the multivariable relative risk of SCD was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.86) for women with 1 low-risk factor, 0.41 (95% CI, 0.25-0.65) for 2 low-risk factors, 0.33 (95% CI, 0.20-0.54) for 3 low-risk factors, and 0.08 (95% CI, 0.03-0.23) for 4 low-risk factors. The proportion of SCD attributable to smoking, inactivity, overweight, and poor diet was 81% (95% CI, 52%-93%). Among women without clinically diagnosed coronary heart disease, the percentage of population attributable risk was 79% (95% CI, 40%-93%).
Conclusion Adherence to a low-risk lifestyle is associated with a low risk of SCD.
KEYWORDS: death, sudden, cardiac, diet, exercise, life style, obesity, smoking, women's health.
