原文参考网址:https://www.seedsofdeception.com/Public/GeneticRoulette/HealthRisksofGMFoodsSummaryDebate/index.cfm
原文:
The Health Risks of GM Foods: Summary and Debate
This section summarizes the health risks of genetically modified foods and serves as a forum for a global discussion and debate. It is organized around the 65 main point summaries presented on the left side of the two-page spreads in Part 1 of Genetic Roulette. Each section linked below offers the opportunity for people to submit updates, corrections, challenges and responses. Before making a submittal, please review the full content in that section of the book.
Contents at a Glance:
Part 1: The Documented Health Risks of Genetically Engineered Foods
Section 1: Evidence of reactions in animals and humans.
1.1 GM Potatoes Damages Rats (see full content)
1.2 Rats Fed GMO Tomatoes got bleeding stomachs, several died
1.3 Rats Fed Bt Corn had multiple health problems
1.4 Mice Fed GM Bt Potatoes had intestinal damage
1.5 Workers exposed to Bt cotton developed allergies
1.6 Sheep died after grazing in Bt cotton fields
1.7 Inhaled Bt corn pollen may have triggered disease in humans
1.8 Farmers report pigs and cows became sterile from GM corn
1.9 Twelve cows in Germany died mysteriously when fed Bt corn
1.10 Mice fed Roundup Ready soy had liver cell problems
1.11 Mice fed Roundup Ready soy had problems with the pancreas
1.12 Mice fed Roundup Ready soy had unexplained changes in testicular cells
1.13 Roundup Ready Soy Changed Cell Metabolism in Rabbit Organs
1.14 Most offspring of rats fed Roundup Ready soy died within three weeks (see full content)
1.15 Soy allergies skyrocketed in the UK, soon after GM soy was introduced
1.16 Rats fed Roundup Ready canola had heavier livers
1.17 Twice the number of chickens died when fed Liberty Link corn
1.18 GM peas generated an allergic-type inflammatory response in mice
1.19 Eyewitness reports: Animals avoid GMOs
1.20 A GM food supplement killed about 100 people
Section 2: Gene insertion disrupts the DNA and can create unpredictable health problems.
2.1 Foreign genes disrupt the DNA at the insertion site.
2.2 Growing GM crops using tissue culture can create hundreds or thousands of DNA mutations.
2.3 Gene insertion creates genome-wide changes in gene expression.
2.4 The promoter may accidentally switch on harmful genes.
2.5 The promoter might switch on a dormant virus in plants.
2.6 The promoter might create genetic instability and mutations.
2.7 Genetic engineering activates mobile DNA, called transposons, which generate mutations.
2.8 Novel RNA may be harmful to humans and their offspring.
2.9 Roundup Ready soybeans produce unintentional RNA variations.
2.10 Changes in proteins can alter thousands of natural chemicals in plants, increasing toxins or reducing phytonutrients
2.11 GM crops have altered levels of nutrients and toxins.
Section 3: The protein produced by the inserted gene may create problems.
3.1 A gene from a Brazil nut carried allergies into soybeans.
3.2 GM proteins in soy, corn and papaya may be allergens.
3.3 Bt crops may create allergies and illness.
3.4 The Bt in crops is more toxic than the Bt spray.
3.5 StarLink corn’s built-in pesticide has a “medium likelihood” of being an allergen.
3.6 Pollen-sterilizing barnase in GM crops may cause kidney damage.
3.7 High lysine corn contains increased toxins and may retard growth.
3.8 Cooking high lysine corn may create disease-promoting toxins.
3.9 Disease-resistant crops may promote human viruses and other diseases.
Section 4: The foreign protein may be different than what is intended.
4.1 GM proteins may be misfolded or have added molecules.
4.2 Transgenes may be altered during insertion.
4.3 Transgenes may be unstable, and rearrange over time.
4.4 Transgenes may create more than one protein.
4.5 Weather, environmental stress and genetic disposition can significantly change gene expression.
4.6 Genetic engineering can disrupt the complex relationships governing gene expression.
Section 5: Transfer of genes to gut bacteria, internal organs, or viruses.
5.1 In spite of industry claims, transgenes survive the digestion system and can wander.
5.2 Transgene design facilitates transfer into gut bacteria.
5.3 Transgenes may proliferate in gut bacteria over the long-term.
5.4 Transgene transfer to human gut bacteria is confirmed.
5.5 GM foods might create antibiotic-resistant diseases.
5.6 The promoter can also transfer, and may switch on random genes or viruses.
5.7 If Bt genes transfer, they could turn our gut bacteria into living pesticide factories.
5.8 Genes may transfer to bacteria in the mouth or throat.
5.9 Transfer of viral genes into gut microorganisms may create toxins and weaken peoples’ viral defenses.
Section 6: GM crops may increase environmental toxins and bioaccumulate toxins in the food chain.
6.1 Glufosinate-tolerant crops may produce herbicide “inside” our intestines.
6.2 Herbicide-tolerant crops increase herbicide use and residues in food.
6.3 Tiny amounts of herbicide may act as endocrine disruptors.
6.4 GM crops may accumulate environmental toxins or concentrate toxins in milk and meat of GM-fed animals.
6.5 Disease-resistant crops may promote new plant viruses, which carry risks for humans.
Section 7: Other types of GM foods carry risks.
7.1 Milk from rbGH treated cows may increase risk of cancer and other diseases.
7.2 Milk from rbGH-treated cows likely increases the rate of twin births.
7.3 Food additives created from GM microorganisms pose health risks.
Section 8: Risks are greater for children and newborns.
8.1 Pregnant mothers eating GM foods may endanger offspring.
8.2 GM foods are more dangerous for children than adults.
说明:
1、 由于水平有限,翻译不妥的地方请大家帮忙更正
2、 原文中的Rats的中文翻译为“鼠”,“大鼠”或“老鼠”,从医学的角度,可能是小白鼠,但译文统一翻译为老鼠;
3、 原文中的Corn的中文翻译为“谷物”,“玉米”等,译文中统一翻译为谷物。
4、 原文中的BT是“The genes of Bacillus thuringiensis”的缩写,中文译名为“苏云金芽孢杆菌”,译文中对BT不作翻译。
5、 由于时间的关系,只翻译了标题部分,每节链接的其他内容没有翻译,希望有其他的朋友能翻译一下;
6、 希望一些遗传学、生物学、基因工程等方面的正义人士能多提供一些转基因作物的优点和显在和潜在风险的证据材料,并能告知广大国人。我们需要知情权。
译文:
转基因食品的健康风险:总结和辩论
本节总结了转基因食品对健康的危害,并充当了一个全球性的讨论和辩论的论坛。它围绕着65个要点摘要进行组织,这些要点在Genetic Roulette的第一部分中分页列出。下面链接的每一节都为人们提出更新,更正,挑战和对策提供了机会。在提交之前,请审查这本书的那一节的全部内容。
内容一览:
第1部分:文献记录中的转基因食品的健康风险
第1节:在动物和人类的反应的证据。
1.1、转基因土豆对老鼠产生了损害(看全部内容)。
1.2、进食转基因西红柿的老鼠产生出血性胃疼,很多死了。
1.3、进食BT谷物的白鼠产生多种健康问题。
1.4、进食BT土豆的老鼠受到了潜在的危害。
1.5、接触BT棉花的工人产生了过敏症。
1.6、在种植BT谷物的田野里放牧的绵羊死掉了。
1.7、吸入Bt谷物的花粉也许会引发人类的疾病。
1.8、农夫报告猪和奶牛进食转基因谷物后不能繁殖后代了。
1.9、进食Bt 谷物之后德国12头奶牛神秘死亡。
1.10、喂食草甘磷大豆的小鼠产生了肝细胞的问题。
1.11、喂食草甘磷大豆的小鼠产生了胰腺问题。
1.12、喂食草甘磷大豆的小鼠引起睾丸细胞不明原因的变化。
1.13、草甘磷大豆改变了兔子的细胞代谢器官。
1.14、大多数进食抗草甘膦大豆的大鼠后代三个星期内死亡(看全部内容)。
1.15、在转基因大豆引入后不久,英国大豆过敏症飙升。
1.16、喂了抗草甘膦油菜籽的老鼠患了XX肝(原文为:heavier livers,本人怀疑是脂肪肝)。
1.17、当用自由链接改造的玉米喂食后,鸡只死亡的数目增长一倍。
1.18、转基因豌豆产生了过敏型小鼠炎症反应。
1.19、目击者报告:动物应该避免转基因物种。
1.20、转基因食物添加剂杀害了100个人。
第2节:基因插入破坏的DNA,会产生不可预测的健康问题。
2.1、外源基因在插入点上干扰了DNA。
2.2、利用组织培养的转基因作物能创建数以百计或数以千计的DNA突变。
2.3、基因插入产生在基因表达中的全基因组的更改。
2.4、启动子可能会意外的产生有害基因。
2.5、启动子可能会唤醒植物中的休眠病毒。
2.6、启动子可能会造成不稳定和突变基因。
2.7、基因工程激活了被称为转位子的移动的DNA,它能产生变异。
2.8、新型RNA可能会危及人类和他们的后代。
2.9、草甘磷大豆会产生无法预测的核糖核酸的变化。
2.10、在蛋白质的变化可以改变植物体内的成千上万的天然化学物质,增加了毒素或减少了营养素。
2.11、转基因作物改变了营养物质和毒素水平。
第3部分:通过基因插入的方式生成的蛋白质可能会产生一些问题。
3.1、来自巴西坚果的基因将过敏带入大豆。
3.2、大豆,玉米,木瓜的转基因蛋白可能是过敏原。
3.3、Bt作物可能造成过敏和疾病。
3.4、在转基因作物的毒性比转Bt喷雾高。
3.5、StarLink玉米的内置杀虫剂成为过敏源具有“中等可能性”。
3.6、转基因作物中的花粉杀菌Barnase基因可能会导致肾脏损害。
3.7、高赖氨酸玉米含有更多的毒素,并可能减缓生长。
3.8、烹饪高赖氨酸玉米可能产生生病的毒素。
3.9、抗病作物可促进人体病毒繁殖和其他疾病。
第4节:外源蛋白可能与原来被设想的作用不同。
4.1、转基因蛋白可能会修改或增加了分子。
4.2、源基因可能在被插入的过程中变异。
4.3、随着时间的推移,源基因可能是不稳定的并且可能会重组。
4.4、源基因可能会创建一种以上的蛋白质。
4.5、天气,环境压力和遗传因素可以显着改变基因的表达。
4.6、基因工程可以破坏主导基因的表达的复杂关系。
第5节:基因转移到肠道细菌,内部器官,或病毒。
5.1、尽管存在工业上的抱怨,源基因仍然能在消化系统中存活下来的,并且活得很滋润
5.2、转基因设计使得它很容易转移到肠道细菌中。
5.3、随着时间的推移,源基因可在肠道细菌中大量增殖。
5.4、转基因转移到人的肠道菌群被证实了。
5.5、转基因食品可能产生抗生素抗药性疾病。
5.6、启动子还可以转移,并可以产生随机基因或病毒。
5.7、如果Bt基因转移,他们可以使我们的肠道细菌变成活的农药工厂。
5.8、基因可以转移到嘴巴或喉咙中的细菌。
5.9、病毒基因转移到肠道微生物可能产生毒素并削弱人们的病毒防御能力。
第6节:转基因作物可能会增加食物链中的环境毒素和蓄积毒素。
6.1、膦耐除草剂作物可能在我们的肠道“内部”产生除草剂。
6.2、耐除草剂作物增加了除草剂的使用和食物残留。
6.3、微量的除草剂都可以干扰内分泌。
6.4、转基因作物可能会累积环境毒素或造成用转基因食物喂食的动物的牛奶和肉中毒素的聚集。
6.5、抗病的作物可能会产生新的植物病毒,这种病毒会对人类带来风险。
第7条:其他类型转基因食品的也存在风险。
7.1、经过rbGH处理的牛奶可能会增加癌症和其他疾病的风险。
7.2、经过 rbGH治疗的奶牛的牛奶可能增加双胞胎的出生比率。
7.3、通过转基因微生物产生的食品添加剂存在健康的风险。
第8节:对儿童和新生儿而言,风险更大。
8.1、孕妇食用转基因食品可能会危害后代。
8.2、对儿童而言,食用转基因食品的危害比成年人更大