摘要：据6月15日《美国医学会杂志》上的一则研究披露，在一项对数个研究的数据所做的分析表明，每天看电视2-3个小时或更长时间与罹患II型糖尿病、致命和非致命性心血管疾病及全因死亡率的风险增加有关。
欧登塞南丹麦大学的Anders Grontved, M.P.H., M.Sc.及波士顿哈佛公共卫生学院的Frank B. Hu, M.D., Ph.D.开展了一项荟萃分析以总结来自发表的前瞻性群组研究的数据。这些研究所观察的是看电视（TV）与II型糖尿病、非致命或致命性心血管疾病的发病率及全因死亡率之间的关系。研究人员对在1970年至2011年3月间发表的医学文献进行了相关研究的查寻；他们发现有8则研究符合他们的纳入到该分析的标准。
对II型糖尿病来说（4则研究），共有17万5938人接受了调查，其中有6428人在平均为8.5年的追踪随访中罹患了II型糖尿病。对致命或非致命性心血管疾病来说（4则研究），共有3万4253人接受了调查，其中有1052人在平均为10.4年的追踪随访中罹患了这些疾病；对全因死亡率来说（3则研究），共有2万6509人接受了调查，其中有1879人在平均6.8年的随访中死亡。
对这些数据的分析指出，每天看2小时的电视与罹患II型糖尿病风险增加20%、罹患致命或非致命心血管疾病风险增加15%以及全因死亡风险增加13%有关。文章的作者写道：“尽管在看电视的时间与II型糖尿病和心血管疾病的罹患风险之间呈线性相关，但全因死亡风险的增加似乎是在每天看电视大于3小时的时候才会增加。”
根据在美国的发病率，研究人员估计，每日看电视2小时的绝对风险差异（即每年每10万人中出现的病例数）为：II型糖尿病176，致命心血管性疾病38，全因死亡104。
文章的作者写道：“从生物学的角度看，延长看电视的时间与II型糖尿病、心血管疾病的发病率及全因死亡率之间存在关系是可能的。无数的前瞻性研究报道了看电视与包括肥胖症、不良血脂水平及集簇性心血管风险等生物风险因子有关；但是，也有一些研究没有报告这些相关性。此外，类似看电视的久坐行为（例如，坐着工作或驾驶车子）与II型糖尿病、致命或非致命性心血管疾病及全因死亡有关的群组研究也有报道。”
“有必要对饮食和身体不活动的中介性影响进行更多的研究。未来的研究还应该对每天过长时间地使用新媒体装置与能量平衡及慢性疾病风险之间的关系进行评估。”
生物探索推荐英文原文报道：
Extensive television watching linked with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and all-cause death
CHICAGO – In an analysis of data from several studies, watching television for 2-3 hours per day or more was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease and all-cause death, according to a study in the June 15 issue of JAMA.
Anders Grontved, M.P.H., M.Sc., of the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, and Frank B. Hu, M.D., Ph.D., of the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, conducted a meta-analysis to summarize data from published prospective cohort studies on the association between television (TV) viewing and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, nonfatal or fatal cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The researchers performed a search of the medical literature for relevant studies from 1970 to March 2011 and identified 8 studies that met criteria for inclusion in the analysis.
For type 2 diabetes (4 studies), the total number of individuals was 175,938 with 6,428 incident cases during an average follow-up of 8.5 years. For fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease (4 studies), the total number of individuals was 34,253 with 1,052 incident cases during an average follow-up of 10.4 years; and for all-cause mortality (3 studies), the total number of individuals was 26,509 with 1,879 deaths during an average follow-up duration of 6.8 years.
An analysis of data indicated that per 2 hours of TV viewing time per day was associated with a 20 percent higher risk for type 2 diabetes; a 15 percent increased risk for fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease; and a 13 percent higher risk for all-cause mortality. “While the associations between time spent viewing TV and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease were linear, the risk of all-cause mortality appeared to increase with TV viewing duration of greater than 3 hours per day,” the authors write.
Based on incidence rates in the United States, the researchers estimated that the absolute risk difference (cases per 100,000 individuals per year) per 2 hours of TV viewing per day was 176 for type 2 diabetes, 38 for fatal cardiovascular disease, and 104 for all-cause mortality.
“It is biologically plausible that prolonged TV viewing is associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Numerous prospective studies have reported associations of TV viewing with biological risk factors for these outcomes including obesity, adverse lipid levels, and clustered cardiovascular risk; however, some studies did not report these associations. Furthermore, associations of sedentary behaviors analogous to TV viewing (e.g., sitting during work or while driving) with type 2 diabetes, fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality have been reported in cohort studies,” the authors write.
“Additional research quantifying the mediating influence of diet and physical inactivity is warranted. Future research also should assess the association of prolonged daily use of new media devices on energy balance and chronic disease risk.”
生物探索推荐英文论文摘要：
Television Viewing and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality
ABSTRACT
Context Prolonged television (TV) viewing is the most prevalent and pervasive sedentary behavior in industrialized countries and has been associated with morbidity and mortality. However, a systematic and quantitative assessment of published studies is not available.
Objective To perform a meta-analysis of all prospective cohort studies to determine the association between TV viewing and risk of type 2 diabetes, fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.
Data Sources and Study Selection Relevant studies were identified by searches of the MEDLINE database from 1970 to March 2011 and the EMBASE database from 1974 to March 2011 without restrictions and by reviewing reference lists from retrieved articles. Cohort studies that reported relative risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest were included.
Data Extraction Data were extracted independently by each author and summary estimates of association were obtained using a random-effects model.
Data Synthesis Of the 8 studies included, 4 reported results on type 2 diabetes (175 938 individuals; 6428 incident cases during 1.1 million person-years of follow-up), 4 reported on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease (34 253 individuals; 1052 incident cases), and 3 reported on all-cause mortality (26 509 individuals; 1879 deaths during 202 353 person-years of follow-up). The pooled relative risks per 2 hours of TV viewing per day were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.14-1.27) for type 2 diabetes, 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06-1.23) for fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease, and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07-1.18) for all-cause mortality. While the associations between time spent viewing TV and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease were linear, the risk of all-cause mortality appeared to increase with TV viewing duration of greater than 3 hours per day. The estimated absolute risk differences per every 2 hours of TV viewing per day were 176 cases of type 2 diabetes per 100 000 individuals per year, 38 cases of fatal cardiovascular disease per 100 000 individuals per year, and 104 deaths for all-cause mortality per 100 000 individuals per year.
Conclusion Prolonged TV viewing was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.
KEYWORDS: cardiovascular, disease, s, clinician's corner, diabetes, mellitus, type, 2, , food habits, life style, meta-analysis, mortality, motor activity, risk, assessment, television, , time factors.
