导读：美国一项针对男性的研究显示，每天哪怕只喝一罐含糖软性饮料，无论是碳酸饮料还是果汁饮料，会使心脏病发作几率升高20%。
每天一罐糖软饮致心脏病风险增二成
美国哈佛大学公共卫生学院营养学系的劳伦斯·德科宁博士带领研究小组分析“健康专业跟踪研究”的数据，了解42883名男性的饮食习惯和健康状况。调查对象在1986至2008年间每两年接受一次相关问卷调查，期间共报告3683例心脏病发作，有些为致命性。
研究人员综合考虑吸烟、饮酒、服用维生素、家族病史、运动量、身高体重指数（BMI）等因素后的结果显示，与不喝含糖软饮的人相比，每天喝350毫升含糖软饮（通常一罐饮料为330毫升）的人心脏病发作几率升高20%；每天喝两罐软饮，心脏病发作几率升高42%；喝三罐软饮，心脏病发作几率升高69%。
尽管这项研究只针对男性，但先前类似研究结果显示，女性常喝软饮会导致同样问题。
验血结果显示，常喝含糖饮料与体内导致炎症的因素，比如C反应蛋白浓度升高之间存在关联，而炎症被认为是导致心脏病的因素之一。此外，常喝含糖饮料的人通常血脂高，而高密度脂蛋白，即“好胆固醇”水平较低。
研究报告由最新一期《循环》月刊发表。
Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Biomarkers of Risk in Men
Lawrence de Koning; Vasanti S. Malik; Mark D. Kellogg; Eric B. Rimm; Walter C. Willett; Frank B. Hu
Background—Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with weight gain and risk of type 2 diabetes. Few studies have tested for a relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD), or intermediate biomarkers. The role of artificially sweetened beverages is also unclear.
Methods and Results—We performed an analysis of the Health Professionals Follow-up study, a prospective cohort study including 42 883 men. Associations of cumulatively averaged sugar-sweetened (e.g. sodas) and artificially sweetened (e.g. diet sodas) beverage intake with incident fatal and non-fatal CHD (myocardial infarction) were examined using proportional hazard models. There were 3683 CHD cases over 22 years of follow-up. Participants in the top quartile of sugar-sweetened beverage intake had a 20% higher relative risk of CHD than those in the bottom quartile (RR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.33, p for trend < 0.01) after adjusting for age, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, multivitamins, family history, diet quality, energy intake, BMI, pre-enrollment weight change and dieting. Artificially sweetened beverage consumption was not significantly associated with CHD (multivariate RR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.12, p for trend = 0.28). Adjustment for self-reported high cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure and diagnosed type 2 diabetes slightly attenuated these associations. Intake of sugar-sweetened but not artificially sweetened beverages was significantly associated with increased triglycerides, CRP, IL6, TNFr1, TNFr2, decreased HDL, Lp(a), and leptin (p values < 0.02).
Conclusions—Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of CHD and some adverse changes in lipids, inflammatory factors, and leptin. Artificially sweetened beverage intake was not associated with CHD risk or biomarkers.
文献链接：https://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/03/09/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067017
