德国人类营养研究所25日发表公报说，胆结石患者比正常人患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险高出42％。专家建议，胆结石患者应尽早到医生处咨询关于糖尿病的早期症状，并注意健康饮食。
公报说，该研究所自1994年开始与柏林夏里特大学医院合作，对超过2．5万名志愿者进行了追踪调查，其中3293人患有胆结石，2468人患有肾结石。在大约7年时间里，共有849人患上了糖尿病。
研究人员统计发现，胆结石患者患Ⅱ型糖尿病的几率是正常人的1．42倍，而肾结石对糖尿病的患病几率几乎没有影响。研究人员表示，这证明胆结石是Ⅱ型糖尿病的重要诱因之一，如果再与其他诱因结合分析，有可能开发出比较全面预测糖尿病发病几率的方法。
Ⅱ型糖尿病又称成年发病型糖尿病，90％以上的糖尿病患者属于这种类型，其特点是患者对胰岛素不敏感。除遗传因素外，Ⅱ型糖尿病与不健康的饮食和生活方式有一定关联，而这些也是胆结石在西方大量出现的重要原因。此前流行病学研究显示，糖尿病患者也总有患胆结石的倾向。
这一研究成果已发表在最新一期《美国流行病学杂志》上。
推荐原始出处：
American Journal of Epidemiology January 20, 2010 doi:10.1093/aje/kwp411
Presence of Gallstones or Kidney Stones and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Cornelia Weikert*, Steffen Weikert, Matthias B. Schulze, Tobias Pischon, Andreas Fritsche, Manuela M. Bergmann, Stefan N. Willich and Heiner Boeing
* Correspondence to Dr. Cornelia Weikert, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
Recent evidence suggests that gallstones and kidney stones are associated with insulin resistance, but the relation between stone diseases and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus is not clear. Participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study (Potsdam, Germany) provided information about the presence of gallstones and kidney stones at recruitment between 1994 and 1998. On biennial questionnaires, participants reported newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, and confirmation was obtained from treating physicians. During a mean follow-up period of 7.0 years between 1994 and 2005, 849 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were identified among 25,166 participants. After adjustment for sex, age, waist circumference, and lifestyle risk factors, persons with reported gallstones (n = 3,293) had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk = 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.68). Among the 23,817 participants with information on reported kidney stones (784 cases of incident diabetes), those who developed kidney stones (n = 2,468) were not at increased risk of diabetes in multivariable-adjusted models (relative risk = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.27). These findings suggest that gallstones, but not kidney stones, may predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, providing physicians with an interventional opportunity to implement adequate prevention measures.
