专题：Nature报道
大豆是一种重要商业作物，既提供蛋白，又提供油料，其与固氮菌的共生关系使它成为轮作系统中的一种高利润作物。现在，它的基因组已完成测序：它是第一个完成测序的豆科植物基因组，也是用整基因组“猎枪”法测序的最大植物基因组（1.1 gigabases）。
大豆的遗传史多彩多姿：基因组复制发生在距今5900万年和1300万年间，产生一个复制率很高的基因组，其中近75%的基因以多版本存在。大豆基因组准确序列的获得将加快改良大豆品种的培育。
更多物种测序：
Nature Genetics：麻风分枝杆菌基因组测序完成
PLoS Genetics：齿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium dentium)基因组测序完成
Nature：新一代合成法成功绘制大熊猫基因组图谱
Science：玉米B73系基因组序列
PNAS：豇豆遗传图谱发布
Nature Genetics：黄瓜基因组精细图谱绘制完成
Science：家蚕基因组测序成功
Nature：马铃薯晚疫病病菌基因组测序完成
PLoS ONE：绘制出首张黄瓜基因组图谱
PLoS Biology：老鼠全基因组测序图公布
Nature：高粱基因组完成测序
Nature Biotechnology：测出植物寄生型线虫基因组序列
Nature：三角褐指藻基因组完成测序
原始出处：
Nature 463, 178-183 (14 January 2010) | doi:10.1038/nature08670
Genome sequence of the palaeopolyploid soybean
Jeremy Schmutz1,2, Steven B. Cannon3, Jessica Schlueter4,5, Jianxin Ma5, Therese Mitros6, William Nelson7, David L. Hyten8, Qijian Song8,9, Jay J. Thelen10, Jianlin Cheng11, Dong Xu11, Uffe Hellsten2, Gregory D. May12, Yeisoo Yu13, Tetsuya Sakurai14, Taishi Umezawa14, Madan K. Bhattacharyya15, Devinder Sandhu16, Babu Valliyodan17, Erika Lindquist2, Myron Peto3, David Grant3, Shengqiang Shu2, David Goodstein2, Kerrie Barry2, Montona Futrell-Griggs5, Brian Abernathy5, Jianchang Du5, Zhixi Tian5, Liucun Zhu5, Navdeep Gill5, Trupti Joshi11, Marc Libault17, Anand Sethuraman1, Xue-Cheng Zhang17, Kazuo Shinozaki14, Henry T. Nguyen17, Rod A. Wing13, Perry Cregan8, James Specht18, Jane Grimwood1,2, Dan Rokhsar2, Gary Stacey10,17, Randy C. Shoemaker3 " Scott A. Jackson5
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crop plants for seed protein and oil content, and for its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbioses with soil-borne microorganisms. We sequenced the 1.1-gigabase genome by a whole-genome shotgun approach and integrated it with physical and high-density genetic maps to create a chromosome-scale draft sequence assembly. We predict 46,430 protein-coding genes, 70% more than Arabidopsis and similar to the poplar genome which, like soybean, is an ancient polyploid (palaeopolyploid). About 78% of the predicted genes occur in chromosome ends, which comprise less than one-half of the genome but account for nearly all of the genetic recombination. Genome duplications occurred at approximately 59 and 13 million years ago, resulting in a highly duplicated genome with nearly 75% of the genes present in multiple copies. The two duplication events were followed by gene diversification and loss, and numerous chromosome rearrangements. An accurate soybean genome sequence will facilitate the identification of the genetic basis of many soybean traits, and accelerate the creation of improved soybean varieties.
