BMC撤回中国41篇伪评审论文 38家机构被“打脸”！

2015-03-31 06:00 · GaryGan

2015年3月28日，医学和科学学术文章的主要出版商BioMed Central撤回了涉嫌造假的43篇文章中有41篇是中国作者，这也涉及了38家中国科研机构。对于此次科研界被“打脸”的严重事件，各方人士皆怎么看？“相互抬骄子式”的同行评审将何去何从？

上海第二军医大学的孙学军近日在科学网博客中翻译了《华尔街日报》发表的一篇“BMC一次撤回43篇伪评审论文”的博文引起了许多学术同行们的阅读和点评，经过网友的挖掘发现，撤稿的文章中有41篇，全部是中国作者，主要的问题是发现有第三方有组织地提供虚假的peer-review服务，甚至直接伪造全文。

BMC集团（Bio Med Central Group）是世界上最大的高质量开放期刊获取杂志，其中包括《生物学期刊》（Journal of Biology）, 《BMC医药学》（BMC Medicine）和《基因生物学》（Genome Biology）等知名刊物。目前拥有277个同行评议杂志，这些杂志都属于开放获取杂志，就是作者承担出版费用，读者免费。被撤回的论文中，有41篇来自中国学者，包括中国医科大学、四川大学、山东大学和交通大学医学院等。

1	首都医科大学附属安贞医院
2	上海交通大学附属上海胸科医院
3	成都军区总医院
4	中国人民解放军452医院
5	安徽省立医院
6	同济医学院附属上海第十人民医院
7	南京军区南京总医院
8	嘉定区中心医院
9	上海浦东医院
10	中国人民解放军第二军医大学附属东方肝胆医院
11	海南医学院附属医院
12	同济大学医学院附属上海东方医院
13	武汉中心医院
14	烟台毓璜顶医院
15	苏州大学第一附属医院
16	上海交大附属第六医院
17	中南大学湘雅二医院
18	青海大学附属医院
19	中国医科大学附属盛京医院
20	沈阳第五医院
21	沈阳第九医院
22	第二军医大学附属上海长海医院
23	中国医科大学附属第四医院
24	四川大学华西医院
25	徐州医学院附属医院
26	成都军区昆明总医院
27	上海交通大学附属仁济医院
28	南京医科大学附属第十医院
29	上海交通大学附属上海第一人民医院
30	第二军医大学附属长征医院
31	山东大学附属省立医院
32	西安交大医学院附属第二医院
33	空军总医院
34	北京大学人民医院
35	济南军区总医院
36	山东中医药大学附属第一医院
37	河南省人民医院
38	成都军区总医院

撤回的论文的8家科研机构

BMC学术诚信副主任Jigisha Patel表示，这并不是中国特有的问题，来自中国的论文总数量本来就比较多，这是一个普遍存在的问题。

BMC资深主编Elizabeth Moylan在昨天的一篇博客文章上说，调查从去年开始就发现：这些明显存在操作嫌疑的投稿似乎指向一些语言编辑服务公司。尤其是某些公司打着帮助非英语母语作者撰写论文的旗号，私下协助作者用欺骗手段提高投稿效率。存在问题的虚假审稿人一般是非机构邮件，另外是接受多个不同领域的稿件审阅任务。在最后要求审稿人提供具体姓名时（BMC要求审稿人提供详细信息），这些审稿人无法提供姓名，就随便弄个科学家的名字写上。

此外根据Retraction Watch博客主编Ivan Oransky 和 Adam Marcus的报道，过去几年BMC已经有170篇论文因伪造评审而撤回。

以下是41篇被撤稿的中国作者的文章。

1.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Impact of guidewire selection and operator expertise on radiation exposure in transradial angiography Jianmin Yang, Ningfu Wang, Xiaoshan Tong, Xianhua Ye, Liang Zhou, Guoxin Tong, Yun Shen, Shuzheng LvJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2015, 10:42 (27 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
2.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Meta-analysis of the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on chronic total coronary occlusions Ruogu Li, Shuansuo Yang, Lei Tang, Yiqing Yang, Hui Chen, Shaofeng Guan, Wenzheng Han, Hua Liu, Jinjie Dai, Qian Gan, Weiyi Fang, Xinkai QuJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2015, 10:43 (27 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
3.	Retraction Retraction Note: Analysis of protein-protein interaction network and functional modules on primary osteoporosis Gai-Li Li, Xian-Hua Xu, Bing-Ang Wang, Yi-Min Yao, Yang Qin, Shu-Rong Bai, Jian Rong, Tao Deng, Yong-He HuEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:33 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
4.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Gene expression analysis in response to osmotic stimuli in the intervertebral disc with DNA microarray Wenzhi Zhang, Xu Li, Xifu Shang, Qichun Zhao, Yefeng Hu, Xiang Xu, Rui He, Liqun Duan, Feng ZhangEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:32 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
5.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Establishing an osteosarcoma associated protein-protein interaction network to explore the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma Bi-Yong Deng, Ying-Qi Hua, Zheng-Dong CaiEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:40 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
6.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Integrated gene network analysis and text mining revealing PIK3R1 regulated by miR-127 in human bladder cancer Yahong Xu, Shunwen Luo, Yang Liu, Jian Li, Yi Lu, Zhigang Jia, Qihua Zhao, Xiaoping Ma, Minghui Yang, Yue Zhao, Ping Chen, Yu GuoEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:43 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
7.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Expression of microRNA-497 and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer Shaohua Wang, Hanjun Li, Jingjie Wang, Dan WangDiagnostic Pathology 2015, 10:9 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
8.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Clinical application of contrast enhanced ultrasound to diagnose benign prostatic hyperplasia Jingfang Shi, Xiaohua Yin, Rong Xu, Yingchun Wang, Lin Jin, Weiwei GaoDiagnostic Pathology 2015, 10:10 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
9.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Ranking candidate genes of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas based on differentially expressed genes and the topological properties of the co-expression network Yuzhou Shen, Jicheng Tantai, Heng ZhaoEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:37 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
10.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Systematic study of cilostazol on secondary stroke prevention: a meta-analysis Yining Qian, Qi BiEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:39 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
11.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Meta-analysis on the efficacy of tourniquet on ankle trauma surgery Xinhua Jiang, Baoqing Yu, Wei Qu, Jiawen HeEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:34 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
12.	Retraction Retraction Note: Reanalysis of the gene expression profile in chronic pancreatitis via bioinformatics methods Hang Yuan, Bin Wu, Senlin Ma, Xiaoyu Yang, Lei Yin, Aijun LiEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:36 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
13.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Systematic evaluation of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis Rong-Hua Xu, Wei Gao, Chao Wang, De-Kai Guo, Lin Tang, Hui Zhang, Cong-Jun WangEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:41 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
14.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Gene expression profiling analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma Deyong Kong, Heming Chen, Weiqun Chen, Shuiyi Liu, Hui Wang, Tangwei Wu, Hongda Lu, Qingzhi Kong, Xiaodong Huang, Zhongxin LuEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:31 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
15.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Leisure-time physical activity and the risk of metabolic syndrome: meta-analysis Yijun Huang, Xuemei LiuEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:42 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
16.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Triptolide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats Jianling Gao, Ying Zhan, Jun Chen, Lina Wang, Jianping YangEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:35 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
17.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Screening of key genes in gastric cancer with DNA microarray analysis Yong Jin, Wei DaEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:30 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
18.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Ferroportin in the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma Qin Wang, Jun Zhou, Dewu Zhong, Qunwei Wang, Jiangsheng HuangEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:38 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
19.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Joint detection of ERCC1, TUBB3, and TYMS guidance selection of docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (DDP) individual chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients Yushuang Luo, Zhanquan Li, Sen Cui, Cunfang Shen, Junhui Zhao, Milu Wu, Yuying Li, Miaozhou Wang, Rong Chen, Zhibo Liu, Ge Ri-liEuropean Journal of Medical Research 2015, 20:29 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
20.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Investigation of the hub genes and related mechanism in ovarian cancer via bioinformatics analysis Ling-jie Fu, Bing WangJournal of Ovarian Research 2015, 8:15 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
21.	Retraction Retraction Note: Risk miRNA screening of ovarian cancer based on miRNA functional synergistic network Huanchun Ying, Jing Lyu, Tianshu Ying, Jun Li, Shanshan Jin, Jingru Shao, Lili Wang, Hongying XuJournal of Ovarian Research 2015, 8:17 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
22.	Retraction Retraction Note: Growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by 6-fluoro-3-formylchromone in hepatocellular carcinoma Yijie Zhang, Kailian Zheng, Hongli Yan, Gang Jin, Chenghao Shao, Xuyu Zhou, Yingqi Zhou, Tianlin HeBMC Gastroenterology 2015, 15:39 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
23.	Retraction Retraction Note: Gene expression profiling analysis of the putamen for the investigation of compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease Lianbo Gao, Honghua Gao, Huan Zhou, Yanyuan XuBMC Neurology 2015, 15:45 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
24.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Pathological dislocation of the hip due to coxotuberculosis in children: a 29-case report Xin Jiang, Yuan Li, Lijun Liu, MingXin Peng, XueYang Tang, DaoXi Wang, XiaoDong YangJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:42 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
25.	Retraction Retraction Note: A meta-analysis of external fixator versus intramedullary nails for open tibial fracture fixation Xian Xu, Xu Li, Lin Liu, Wei WuJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:41 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
26.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Mini-plate versus Kirschner wire internal fixation for treatment of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures in Chinese Han population: a meta-analysis Jiaming Xu, Changqing ZhangJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:43 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
27.	Retraction Retraction Note: Comparison of the sagittal profiles among thoracic idiopathic scoliosis patients with different Cobb angles and growth potentials Bo Ran, Guo-you Zhang, Feng Shen, Jia-yu Chen, Ji-bin Wu, Feng-chao Zhao, Kai-jin Guo, Dun-yi Qi, Bing Zhou, Xiang-yang Chen, Xin-zhu Zhang, Yue-hua Qiao, Ming LiJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:44 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
28.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: The effect of drainage tube on bleeding and prognosis after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study Xiao-Han Liu, Pei-Liang Fu, Shi-Ying Wang, Ya-Juan Yang, Gen-Di LuJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:46 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
29.	Retraction Retraction Note: Cardioprotective activity of placental growth factor in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction: nanoparticle-based delivery versus direct myocardial injection Zhe-xin Lu, Li-li Mao, Feng Lian, Jun He, Wen-tian Zhang, Chen-yang Dai, Song Xue, Wei-gen Lu, Hong-sheng ZhuBMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2015, 15:27 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
30.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Microarray analysis for differentially expressed genes of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with ischemia preconditioning Jianguang Wang, Zhengdong Cai, Junjian LiuJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:45 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
31.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: An osteotomy anterolateral approach for lateral tibial plateau fractures merged with relatively simple and intact posterolateral corner displacement De-peng Meng, Tian-wen Ye, Ai-min ChenJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:47 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
32.	Retraction Retraction Note: STMN-1 is a potential marker of lymph node metastasis in distal esophageal adenocarcinomas and silencing its expression can reverse malignant phenotype of tumor cells Javed Akhtar, Zhou Wang, Che Yu, Chen-Sheng Li, Yu-Long Shi, Hong-Jun LiuBMC Cancer 2015, 15:187 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
33.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: The effects of dexamethasone on the proliferation and apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells induced by paclitaxel Wenjing Hou, Jianhua Guan, Huan Lu, Qian Dong, Yuhong Han, Rong ZhangJournal of Ovarian Research 2015, 8:16 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
34.	Retraction Retraction Note: Gene-gene interaction network analysis of ovarian cancer using TCGA data Huanchun Ying, Jing Lv, Tianshu Ying, Shanshan Jin, Jingru Shao, Lili Wang, Hongying Xu, Bin Yuan, Qing YangJournal of Ovarian Research 2015, 8:18 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
35.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Clinical efficacy of posterior versus anterior instrumentation for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis in adults: a meta-analysis Pinglin Yang, Xijing He, Haopeng Li, Quanjin Zang, Baohui YangJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10:40 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
36.	Retraction Retraction Note: Dysregulation of cell cycle related genes and MicroRNAs distinguish the low- from high-risk of prostate cancer Jiling Wen, Rongbing Li, Xiaofei Wen, Guangming Chou, Jiasun Lu, Xuelei Wang, Yongchao JinDiagnostic Pathology 2015, 10:11 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
37.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Meta-analysis of the efficacy of pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer Xinbao Xu, Hui Zhang, Ping Zhou, Lei ChenWorld Journal of Surgical Oncology 2015, 13:125 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
38.	Retraction Retraction Note: Open reduction and closed reduction internal fixation in treatment of femoral neck fractures: a meta-analysis Weiguo Wang, Junjie Wei, Zhanwang Xu, Wenkun Zhuo, Yuan Zhang, Hui Rong, Xuecheng Cao, Pingshan WangBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2015, 16:70 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
39.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: New proposal for the serum ascites albumin gradient cut-off value in Chinese ascitic patients Cai-feng Jiang, Bin Shi, Jian Shi, Zong-li Yuan, Wei-fen XieDiagnostic Pathology 2015, 10:12 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
40.	Retraction Note Retraction Note: Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: a clinicopathological study of five cases Xiangyang Wang, Jianwei Hao, Ruijin Zhou, Xiangsheng Zhang, Tianzhong Yan, Degang Ding, Lei Shan, Zhonghua LiuDiagnostic Pathology 2015, 10:15 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF
41.	Retraction Retraction Note: Novel two-stage surgical treatment for Cantrell syndrome complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension: a case report Xiaochen Wu, Jinbao Zhang, Hui Ouyang, Qin Yue, Heng ZhaoJournal of Medical Case Reports 2015, 9:70 (26 March 2015) Full text \| PDF

BMC撤稿事件引发科研界热议

此次BMC公示该事件后，BMC官网公布了9000多杂志主编参与的出版伦理委员会多学科组织签署一份声明，提示这类问题十分严重，该委员会说，这种冒充审稿人的行为已经非常普遍，对多个出版公司许多杂志的审稿过程都产生了影响，并将对已经发表的论文的审稿过程进行重新审查，以确定更多被撤回文章。

孙学军教授认为，出现这种现象的原因不仅是出版机构的问题，也是当前学术界出版压力过大的因素，这需要大家共同来克服。

南开大学生命科学领域的生物信息学副教授高山认为，现在的学术界，腐败分子是最后的疯狂，捞一票算一票；其他没权没势的，就等着洗牌。所以基本上没人干事了现在科研反腐不是重点，所以主要靠国外了，早晚出大事，然后引起中央重视，才能在科研领域搞一次运动。科研领域腐败分子太猖狂了，和管理人员勾结骗取国家经费，这个早晚还要出大事。

他认为，专家领域的腐败远远高于行政司法领域，原因是随着反腐败的深入开展，很多新的规则建立起来，例如“不管多高行政级别，都有可能被查处；退休或者出国，也有被遣返风险；最高法院终审，也会被推翻。”使得那些明面上着的腐败有了有效的遏制。但是，专业技术领域的腐败，隐藏更深，危害更严重却鲜有追究。

兰州大学的王振亭研究员认为，BioMed Central出版公司的盈利模式是开放获取，已出版277种期刊，主要在蓬勃发展的生命科学领域。作者出资，出版社赚钱，本是你情我愿的事情。BioMed Central出版公司此番做法不够厚道，双方均把一些业务委托给作为中间商的语言润色公司。只要研究者有充裕的资金和基本的素材，按流水线作业发表SCI“论文”肯定是方便快捷的，对各方面都有好处。

因此，他断定：此次BioMed Central突然批量撤销论文，最有可能的原因是和语言润色公司分赃不均。中国的科研经费在近十几年来一直被官员和学霸所垄断，造就了大批一掷千金的土豪大款，“论文”是课题交差和进一步骗取经费的重要素材。

语言润色公司的广告邮件

显然，打着学术旗号的西方公司早已从中国“科研工作者”那里尝到了甜头。随着国家科研投入的持续增加，各种学术公司之间的竞争势必会越来越激烈。如果真是两个公司分赃不均导致了此事，被撤稿的中国作者就成了冤大头。不知出版费用和语言润色服务费用是否被退回？BioMed Central此举还有立贞洁牌坊的意思，向世人展示一下学术遮羞布。其实，挂羊头卖狗肉的学术公司还有很多。也许，Plos One和Scientific Reports将来也会有类似的举动。

造假成风不是医生的错，给国内朋友做过一些咨询，发现即便在高年资主任这个层面，有许多临床思维都是有问题的，这里就不多说了，国内的临床教育任重道远。

同行评议，你怎么看？

同行评议是当前学术期刊决定稿件是否录用的普遍方法，具体是将投稿稿件通过投稿系统和邮件发送给潜在的审稿专家，该审稿专家同意后在规定时间内完成审阅并提出意见，供杂志主编决定是否录用的重要参考。

由于许多学者使用非机构邮件作为联系方法，这种邀请并不能完全进行认证，给一些不肖之徒提供了机会，尤其是许多杂志为减少编辑工作量，有作者建议审稿专家的要求，就是让作者在投稿时提供建议审稿专家的联系邮件和单位信息，这就给某些作者伪造和甚至虚拟专家提供了便利，这方面最著名的是台湾某声学学者利用这种方法发表60篇学术论文的案例。

比较普遍的问题是，学者好友之间相互推荐评审相互抬骄子，根据Patel的说法更加神秘的问题是，BMC调查发现，一些存在问题的稿件作者和审稿人之间并没有明显社会关系，暗示存在一个第三方的机构参与这一复杂的伪造过程（猜测有公司进行系统性操作这一过程）。

学术出版伦理委员会在声明中还说，确实有一些正规的论文撰写服务公司，但也有一些公司出售包括作者、代撰写论文和伪造审稿专家等服务。一些邮件通讯地址和这些专家过去发表论文中使用的地址完全不同，甚至彻底伪造不存在的专家。

关键词：伪评审论文 BioMed Central peer-revi