美研制出治疗脊髓损伤的口服药物

2013-01-21 14:52 · lobu

美国斯坦福大学的研究者研制出一种名为LM11A-31的新型口服类药物,在动物实验中,能够帮助部分实验鼠四肢活动,甚至完成行走和游泳等动作。该药物有望能够缓解脊髓损伤患者的痛苦,并帮助他们重新站立起来。

来自美国斯坦福大学的科学家日前研制出一种全新的口服类药物,并已经在实验鼠身上获得了良好治疗效果,该药物有望帮助瘫痪患者重新站立起来,并像常人一样行走。

目前,美国约有130万名脊髓损伤患者,脊髓损伤会导致大脑无法有效控制身体,严重的话出现瘫痪症状,同时患者还会饱受膀胱疾病、肠道疾病、性功能障碍以及慢性疼痛等并发症的折磨。针对这种情况,斯坦福大学的弗兰克·隆戈教授研制了一种名为LM11A-31的新型口服类药物,希望能够缓解脊髓损伤患者的痛苦,并帮助他们重新站立起来。如果这个目标实现的话,那么LM11A-31将会是人类历史上首款能够有效治疗脊髓损伤病症的口服类药物。

根据研究人员介绍,脊髓损伤后,一种名为p75的蛋白可能会导致少突胶质细胞的死亡。而LM11A-31则能够抑制p75蛋白从而起到保护少突胶质细胞。少突胶质细胞分布在神经轴突周围,能够分泌一种髓磷脂蛋白,该蛋白可以将轴突包在其中起到保护作用;而少突胶质细胞死亡之后,它们所保护的轴突也会随之萎缩。轴突为神经元的输出通道,轴突受损会导致肢体无力、麻痹、瘫痪等多种神经功能障碍疾病。

在LM11A-31的活体试验中,研究人员将脊髓已经损伤的实验鼠分成4组,前3组分别服用不同剂量的LM11A-31(分别为10毫克、25毫克和100毫克),第四组则服用安慰剂,每天服用两次。42天后的检测结果显示,LM11A-31对于改善实验鼠的肢体运动和防止髓磷脂流失有着明显的作用(服用剂量达到100毫克的实验鼠的治疗效果最为明显),部分实验鼠的四肢已经能够活动,有的甚至能完成行走和游泳等动作。

此外,研究人员还发现这些实验鼠在服药过程中并未经历更多的疼痛,这表明LM11A-31不会加重脊髓损伤后的神经疼痛。据悉,关于LM11A-31的研究成果已经发表在近期的《神经科学杂志》(The Journal of Neuroscience)上。

Oral Administration of a Small Molecule Targeted to Block proNGF Binding to p75 Promotes Myelin Sparing and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Chhavy Tep, Tae Hee Lim, Pyung On Ko, Sami Getahun, Jae Cheon Ryu, Virginia M. Goettl, Stephen M. Massa, Michele Basso, Frank M. Longo, and Sung Ok Yoon

The lack of effective therapies for spinal cord injury points to the need for identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we report that a small molecule, LM11A-31, developed to block proNGF-p75 interaction and p75-mediated cell death crosses the blood–brain barrier efficiently when delivered orally. Administered starting 4 h postinjury, LM11A-31 promotes functional recovery without causing any toxicity or increased pain in a mouse model of spinal contusion injury. In both weight-bearing open-field tests and nonweight-bearing swim tests, LM11A-31 was effective in improving motor function and coordination. Such functional improvement correlated with a >50% increase in the number of surviving oligodendrocytes and myelinated axons. We also demonstrate that LM11A-31 indeed inhibits proNGF-p75 interaction in vivo, thereby curtailing the JNK3-mediated apoptotic cascade. These results thus highlight p75 as a novel therapeutic target for an orally delivered treatment for spinal cord injury.

文献链接:Oral Administration of a Small Molecule Targeted to Block proNGF Binding to p75 Promotes Myelin Sparing and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury