
来自中国航天员科研训练中心、香港浸会大学中医药学院和暨南大学等机构的研究人员近日在骨质疏松症预防治疗研究方面再度取得突破性进展,相关研究论文发表在12月9日的《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)杂志上。
中国航天员科研训练中心的李英贤研究员和香港浸会大学中医药学院的张戈教授为这篇论文的共同通讯作者。
骨质疏松症(osteoporosis)是一种系统性骨病,其特征是骨量下降和骨的微细结构破坏,表现为骨的脆性增加,因而骨折的危险性大为增加,即使是轻微的创伤或无外伤的情况下也容易发生骨折。骨质疏松症是一种多因素所致的慢性疾病。在骨折发生之前,通常无特殊临床表现。该病女性多于男性,常见于绝经后妇女和老年人。随着我国老年人口的增加,骨质疏松症发病率处于上升趋势。2008年发布的统计数据显示,我国有6944万人患有骨质疏松症,此外,还有约2.1亿人骨量偏低。庞大的患者队伍和风险人群不仅给个人、家庭、政府造成严重的经济负担,也由此产生了相应的社会问题。
MicroRNA(miRNA))是一类长度在19-24 个核苷酸(nt)左右的内源性非编码小分子单链RNA,在进化过程中高度保守,能通过与靶基因mRNA特异性的碱基互补配对,引起靶基因mRNA的降解或者抑制其翻译,广泛地负调控靶基因的表达,在真核生物的多种发育和生理过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。近年来越来越多的研究数据表明miRNAs对骨分化和骨形成起重要的调控作用。
在这篇新文章中,研究人员在来自老年骨折患者的骨样本中证实miR-214水平增高与较低程度的骨形成相关。通过miR-214 antagomir特异性操控miR-214转基因小鼠、卵巢切除小鼠及截取后肢小鼠的成骨细胞miR-214细胞水平,研究人员证实miR-214在调控骨形成中发挥抑制作用。进一步的研究表明miR-214直接靶向ATF4抑制了成骨细胞活性。此外,研究人员还证实利用antagomir-214 和agomir-214可分别提高或抑制体外成骨细胞活性和基质矿化。
这些研究数据表明miR-214在抑制骨形成中发挥至关重要的作用,抑制成骨细胞中的miR-214有可能是改善骨质疏松症的一条有潜力的促合成代谢策略。

miR-214 targets ATF4 to inhibit bone formation
Xiaogang Wang, Baosheng Guo, Qi Li, Jiang Peng, Zhijun Yang, Aiyuan Wang, Dong Li, Zhibo Hou, Ke Lv, Guanghan Kan, Hongqing Cao, Heng Wu, Jinping Song, Xiaohua Pan, Qiao Sun, Shukuan Ling, Yuheng Li, Mu Zhu, Pengfei Zhang, Songlin Peng, Xiaoqing Xie, Tao Tang, An Hong, Zhaoxiang Bian, Yanqiang Bai
Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Thus far, no study has established the pathophysiological role for miRNAs identified in human osteoporotic bone specimens. Here we found that elevated miR-214 levels correlated with a lower degree of bone formation in bone specimens from aged patients with fractures. We also found that osteoblast-specific manipulation of miR-214 levels by miR-214 antagomir treatment in miR-214 transgenic, ovariectomized, or hindlimb-unloaded mice revealed an inhibitory role of miR-214 in regulating bone formation. Further, in vitro osteoblast activity and matrix mineralization were promoted by antagomir-214 and decreased by agomir-214, and miR-214 directly targeted ATF4 to inhibit osteoblast activity. These data suggest that miR-214 has a crucial role in suppressing bone formation and that miR-214 inhibition in osteoblasts may be a potential anabolic strategy for ameliorating osteoporosis.
