近日刊登在国际杂志《美国科学院院报》 (PNAS)上的一篇研究报告中,来自德国弗莱堡大学的研究者指出,某些自然产生的大分子能够根据高于自身尺寸的大小以一定的速度通过皮肤进行渗透。这项研究报道了一种植物天然产物Avicins,其分子量超过2000,可以完全自身穿过人体皮肤。

新型药物贴片让药物分子穿透皮肤
文章中,研究者报道了Avicins的特殊结构,其由糖类残基连接脂溶性的核心组成,这就使得该分子这种物质可以通过皮肤最外层-角质层的脂肪组分。研究者研究了Avicins不同片段的渗透性,发现Avicins的糖残基扮演了非常重要的作用,可以使得分子移动并且进入、穿过角质层。
这项研究为开发皮肤药物贴片来进行治疗性药物的运输提供了新的基础及希望,通过皮肤的疗法的运输可以提供许多优势,包括,相比药片更易于管理、相比注射可以减轻患者疼痛。然而通过皮肤传统给药法被证明通过角质层具有一定挑战性,这就使得小的油溶性的分子可以通过,比如尼古丁或者雌激素。
Avicins可以通过皮肤进行穿透作用为研究者未来开发通过皮肤转运大分子药物的新型疗法提供了帮助,研究者Shastri和同事希望通过本项研究可以设计出新型药物和蛋白质,来通过皮肤进行特殊转运。

Glycosylation facilitates transdermal transport of macromolecules
Christopher J. Pinoa, Jordan U. Guttermanb, Daniel Vonwilc, Samir Mitragotrid, V. Prasad Shastria
Stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, allows transport of only low-molecular weight (<500) lipophilic solutes. Here, we report a surprising finding that avicins (Avs), a family of naturally occurring glycosylated triterpenes with a molecular weight > 2,000, exhibit skin permeabilities comparable to those of small hydrophobic molecules, such as estradiol. Systematic fragmentation of the Av molecule shows that deletion of the outer monoterpene results in a 62% reduction in permeability, suggesting an important role for this motif in skin permeation. Further removal of the tetrasaccharide residue results in a further reduction of permeability by 79%. These results, taken in sum, imply that synergistic effects involving both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues may hold the key in facilitating translocation of Avs across skin lipids. In addition to exhibiting high permeability, Avs provided moderate enhancements of skin permeability of estradiol and polysaccharides, including dextran and inulin but not polyethylene glycol.
文献链接:Glycosylation facilitates transdermal transport of macromolecules
