中国科学院武汉植物园园艺作物学科组研究人员利用分子标记技术，构建了一张目前文献报道的最高密度葡萄基因组遗传图谱，并对葡萄基因组在进化过程中的加倍事件进行了深入解析。相关研究成果分别在《英国医学委员会植物生物学》杂志和《植物细胞报告》上在线发表。
中科院武汉植物园用分子标记技术绘制葡萄基因组遗传图谱
据介绍，该葡萄基因组遗传图谱含有完整的序列信息SNP分子标记约4400个，全部19个连锁群总遗传距离约2000厘摩。研究人员利用国际上公布的葡萄参考基因组序列，发现葡萄基因组内不同加倍方式产生新基因的进化选择模式显著不同，对产生大基因家族的贡献也有明显差异。
此外，通过比较几个不同物种的关键性状基因数目，研究人员发现，控制葡萄果实风味的一类转录因子具有显著的冗余性。基于这些进化规律，研究人员对葡萄NAC基因家族成员的产生、进化时间、基因结构和组织表达特异性进行了深入分析，并发现数个极具抗逆生物工程育种应用价值的NAC基因。
据介绍，葡萄是世界上第二大果树作物，随着社会对葡萄需求量进一步增加，如何高效快速地培育优良葡萄品种是目前葡萄产业发展的瓶颈。研究人员称，葡萄基因组学研究的相关成果，将应用于葡萄分子标记辅助育种，有助于促进葡萄产业的发展。
Construction of a high-density genetic map for grape using next generation restriction-site associated DNA sequencing
Nian Wang, Linchuan Fang, Haiping Xin, Lijun Wang and Shaohua Li
Background Genetic mapping and QTL detection are powerful methodologies in plant improvement and breeding. Construction of a high-density and high-quality genetic map would be of great benefit in the production of superior grapes to meet human demand. High throughput and low cost of the recently developed next generation sequencing (NGS) technology have resulted in its wide application in genome research. Sequencing restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) might be an efficient strategy to simplify genotyping. Combining NGS with RAD has proven to be powerful for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker development. Results An F1 population of 100 individual plants was developed. In-silico digestion-site prediction was used to select an appropriate restriction enzyme for construction of a RAD sequencing library. Next generation RAD sequencing was applied to genotype the F1 population and its parents. Applying a cluster strategy for SNP modulation, a total of 1,814 high-quality SNP markers were developed: 1,121 of these were mapped to the female genetic map, 759 to the male map, and 1,646 to the integrated map. A comparison of the genetic maps to the published Vitis vinifera genome revealed both conservation and variations. Conclusions The applicability of next generation RAD sequencing for genotyping a grape F1 population was demonstrated, leading to the successful development of a genetic map with high density and quality using our designed SNP markers. Detailed analysis revealed that this newly developed genetic map can be used for a variety of genome investigations, such as QTL detection, sequence assembly and genome comparison. Keywords Grape; Genetic map; Next generation sequencing (NGS); Restriction-site associated DNA (RAD)
