最新的研究表明,正如人与人之间的基因会有差别一样,肠道内微生物的基因也因人而异。

研究称人体内微生物基因各异可用于身份鉴别
这是有关肠道内微生物基因变异的第一次研究。科学家发现的这种广泛存在的基因多样性,可以帮助我们更好地理解体内的微生物的基因如何和人体的基因协调工作来维持我们的健康,亦或引起疾病。肠道内微生物能够从食物中汲取营养、合成维生素、防止感染以及合成减少炎症的化合物。
来自华盛顿大学的科学家说:“令人惊奇的是,我们每一个人都可以通过肠道内全体微生物的DNA进行区别。人体内微生物的基因也是存在个性化差异的,正如人与人之间存在基因差别一样。”
在这次研究中,科学家把注意力集中在了101种在肠道内广泛存在的微生物种类上,他们在这些微生物中发现了超过1000万个单碱基突变以及其它DNA改变,包括插入、缺失以及结构改变等。
科学家表示,个人肠道内的微生物DNA像指纹一样非常地稳定。即使一年之后,我们仍然可以根据肠道内微生物DNA的遗传特征进行个人身份鉴别。
当婴儿通过产道出生来到世界的时候,身体就会被微生物入住,这些微生物来自他们的母亲和周围的环境。该研究成果发表在了《自然》杂志上。

Genomic variation landscape of the human gut microbiome
Siegfried Schloissnig,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Shinichi Sunagawa,Makedonka Mitreva,Julien Tap,Ana Zhu,Alison Waller,Daniel R. Mende,Jens Roat Kultima,John Martin,Karthik Kota,Shamil R. Sunyaev,George M. Weinstock& Peer Bork
Whereas large-scale efforts have rapidly advanced the understanding and practical impact of human genomic variation, the practical impact of variation is largely unexplored in the human microbiome. We therefore developed a framework for metagenomic variation analysis and applied it to 252 faecal metagenomes of 207 individuals from Europe and North America. Using 7.4 billion reads aligned to 101 reference species, we detected 10.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 107,991 short insertions/deletions, and 1,051 structural variants. The average ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous polymorphism rates of 0.11 was more variable between gut microbial species than across human hosts. Subjects sampled at varying time intervals exhibited individuality and temporal stability of SNP variation patterns, despite considerable composition changes of their gut microbiota. This indicates that individual-specific strains are not easily replaced and that an individual might have a unique metagenomic genotype, which may be exploitable for personalized diet or drug intake.
文献链接:Genomic variation landscape of the human gut microbiome
