研究人员开发了新型ELISA酶联免疫吸附技术,当抗体识别目标分子时这种酶就会生成有色物质,让人们可以直接用肉眼读取检测结果。

新型ELISA技术可肉眼读取检测结果
要检测超低水平的蛋白,需用到的仪器并不便宜,也不是人人都承担的起。本期Nature杂志就推荐了一项亮点研究,英国伦敦帝国理工学院的Molly Stevens和Roberto de la Rica发明了新型ELISA技术,仅用肉眼即可读取检测结果,他们这项研究发表在Nature子刊Nature Nanotechnology杂志上。在他们的方法中,ELISA中的酶用来控制金纳米颗粒的累积,如果目标蛋白存在就会呈现蓝色,而如果目标蛋白不存在就会呈现红色。用肉眼观察当然不能做到定量,不过他们这项技术可以检测到浓度低至1ag(attogram)/ml的HIV蛋白,用于临床检测相当足够。
研究人员用这一技术,在全血中检测了超低浓度的(1 × 10−18 g/ ml)前列腺特异性抗原PSA和HIV-1衣壳抗原p24。并且在核酸检测这种金标方法都无法检测到的情况下,该技术能够在病毒载量过低的HIV患者血液中检测到HIV-1衣壳抗原p24,直接用肉眼就可做出判断。
该技术为资金有限的实验室带来了福音,仅用很低的成本就可以快速检测到临床样本中的疾病标志蛋白,而不再需要较为昂贵的复杂仪器。

Plasmonic ELISA for the ultrasensitive detection of disease biomarkers with the naked eye
Roberto de la Rica & Molly M. Stevens
In resource-constrained countries, affordable methodologies for the detection of disease biomarkers at ultralow concentrations can potentially improve the standard of living. However, current strategies for ultrasensitive detection often require sophisticated instruments that may not be available in laboratories with fewer resourcesnaked eye. The enzyme label of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) controls the growth of gold nanoparticles and generates coloured solutions with distinct tonality when the analyte is present. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and HIV-1 capsid antigen p24 were detected in whole serum at the ultralow concentration of 1 × 10−18 g ml−1. p24 was also detected with the naked eye in the sera of HIV-infected patients showing viral loads undetectable by a gold standard nucleic acid-based test.
文献链接:Plasmonic ELISA for the ultrasensitive detection of disease biomarkers with the naked eye
