PNAS:3种靶向抗癌药联用可推迟乳腺癌脑转移

2012-10-17 13:41 · lobu

哈佛大学医学院和麻省总医院的Rakesh K. Jain博士带领研究小组发现,VEGFR2抑制剂和两种抗HER2药物联用,能明显推迟HER2阳性乳腺癌脑转移,并且将存活率提高到未接受治疗的三倍,这一效果比单独使用任何一种药物的效果都要好。

来自美国哈佛大学医学院和麻省总医院的研究人员发现联合使用3种靶向抗癌药物,能推迟HER2阳性乳腺癌脑转移,这不仅有助于临床上开发针对HER2阳性乳腺癌的新型治疗方法,也对于进一步解析乳腺癌脑转移作用机制具有重要意义。相关研究成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)杂志上。

领导这一研究的是哈佛大学医学院和麻省总医院的Rakesh K. Jain博士,这位09年入选美国科学院院士的肿瘤研究专家最初是一位化学工程师,他转行进入肿瘤学领域完全是一个“意外”——在特拉华大学读化学工程研究生时,Jain被人引荐给已故病理生理学家Pietro M. Gullino博士,在这里,Jain首次在肿瘤学领域作出了惊人且有潜力的发现:用于杀伤肿瘤细胞的药物事实上从未到达它本该杀伤的细胞。今年Jain博士荣获了美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)2012年度肿瘤科学奖。

乳腺癌脑转移(Brain metastasis)是恶性肿瘤治疗失败的常见原因之一,通常临床处理比较困难。实体瘤乳腺癌脑转移患者的数量是原发性脑瘤的10倍。大约20%~40%的癌症患者会发生乳腺癌脑转移,这意味着每年美国大约有80,000~170,000例新诊断乳腺癌脑转移瘤。在多种乳腺癌中,转移性人类上皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性乳腺癌患者更易出现乳腺癌脑转移,这种乳腺癌属于乳腺癌临床分类三大类之一。

在这篇文章中,研究人员通过构建了一个HER2阳性乳腺癌的小鼠模型,发现联合使用3种靶向抗癌药物,能推迟小鼠乳腺癌脑转移。HER2属于人类表皮生长因子受体家族,是定位于17号染色体的原癌基因,HER2蛋白膜内段的各酪氨酸残基发生磷酸化后均能作用于特定的信号蛋白,激活信号转导通路。

研究人员利用两种现有的抗HER2药物,分别对这患有HER2阳性乳腺癌的小鼠进行治疗,同时也在另外一组实验中加入血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)抑制剂联合使用,结果发现VEGFR2抑制剂如果和这两种抗HER2药物联用,能明显推迟乳腺癌脑转移,并且将存活率提高到未接受治疗的三倍,这一效果比单独使用任何一种药物的效果都要好。

而且研究人员也证明这种联合使用药物的方法也比任何两种药物联合使用疗效更好,对于此种现象的原因,研究人员认为可能是由于前种方法由于加入了VEGFR2抑制剂,VEGFR2参与了血管形成,对于乳腺癌的转移具有重要意义,因此加入其抑制剂将能抑制癌症血管的生长。

这项研究不仅有助于临床上开发治疗HER2阳性乳腺癌的新型治疗方法,也对于进一步解析乳腺癌脑转移作用机制具有重要意义。

Combined targeting of HER2 and VEGFR2 for effective treatment of HER2-amplified breast cancer brain metastases

David P. Kodack, Euiheon Chung, Hiroshi Yamashita, Joao Incio, Annique M. M. J. Duyverman, Youngchul Song, Christian T. Farrar, Yuhui Huang, Eleanor Ager, Walid Kamoun, Shom Goel, Matija Snuderl, Alisha Lussiez, Lotte Hiddingh, Sidra Mahmood, Bakhos A. Tannous, April F. Eichler, Dai Fukumura, Jeffrey A. Engelman, and Rakesh K. Jain

Brain metastases are a serious obstacle in the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)–amplified breast cancer. Although extracranial disease is controlled with HER2 inhibitors in the majority of patients, brain metastases often develop. Because these brain metastases do not respond to therapy, they are frequently the reason for treatment failure. We developed a mouse model of HER2-amplified breast cancer brain metastasis using an orthotopic xenograft of BT474 cells. As seen in patients, the HER2 inhibitors trastuzumab and lapatinib controlled tumor progression in the breast but failed to contain tumor growth in the brain. We observed that the combination of a HER2 inhibitor with an anti–VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) antibody significantly slows tumor growth in the brain, resulting in a striking survival benefit. This benefit appears largely due to an enhanced antiangiogenic effect: Combination therapy reduced both the total and functional microvascular density in the brain xenografts. In addition, the combination therapy led to a marked increase in necrosis of the brain lesions. Moreover, we observed even better antitumor activity after combining both trastuzumab and lapatinib with the anti-VEGFR2 antibody. This triple-drug combination prolonged the median overall survival fivefold compared with the control-treated group and twofold compared with either two-drug regimen. These findings support the clinical development of this three-drug regimen for the treatment of HER2-amplified breast cancer brain metastases.

文献链接:Combined targeting of HER2 and VEGFR2 for effective treatment of HER2-amplified breast cancer brain metastases

关键词: 乳腺癌 HER2药物