导读：德国一项大规模研究显示，喝咖啡不会提高患心脏病或癌症的风险，但有助降低患乙型糖尿病的风险。德国这项为期近十年的研究所得的结论，与之前有关喝咖啡的一些研究所得的结论互相矛盾。
德国这项为期近十年的研究所得的结论，与之前有关喝咖啡的一些研究所得的结论互相矛盾，有些研究显示，喝咖啡会提高患心脏病、癌症、中风和其他疾病的风险。德国的研究组却发现，喝咖啡不会提高健康成年人患主要慢性疾病的风险。
根据研究组刊登在《美国临床营养学杂志》上的报告，以德国人类营养研究所流行病学家弗勒格尔为首的研究人员，在研究开始时，收集了4万2000个没有罹患任何慢性疾病的德国成年人的喝咖啡、饮食、运动习惯和健康情况资料。
接下来9年，研究小组每隔两三年就会跟进他们的情况，看他们是否出现了任何健康问题，特别是心血管疾病、中风、心脏病、糖尿病和癌症。
他们发现，常喝咖啡和没有喝咖啡的人，患上这些疾病的风险一样高。
与此同时，研究人员也发现，常喝咖啡的人患乙型糖尿病的风险，比没有喝咖啡的人来得低。
在考虑了体重和抽烟等可能造成糖尿病的因素后，研究人员认为，常喝咖啡的人患糖尿病的风险比其他人低了23%。
Coffee consumption and risk of chronic disease in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Germany study1,2,3
Anna Floegel, Tobias Pischon, Manuela M Bergmann, Birgit Teucher, Rudolf Kaaks, and Heiner Boeing
Background: Early studies suggested that coffee consumption may increase the risk of chronic disease.
Objective: We investigated prospectively the association between coffee consumption and the risk of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cancer.
Design: We used data from 42,659 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Germany study. Coffee consumption was assessed by self-administered food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, and data on medically verified incident chronic diseases were collected by active and passive follow-up procedures. HRs and 95% CIs were calculated with multivariate Cox regression models and compared by competing risk analysis.
Results: During 8.9 y of follow-up, we observed 1432 cases of T2D, 394 of MI, 310 of stroke, and 1801 of cancer as first qualifying events. Caffeinated (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.05) or decaffeinated (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.31) coffee consumption (≥4 cups/d compared with <1 cup/d; 1 cup was defined as 150 mL) was not associated with the overall risk of chronic disease. A lower risk of T2D was associated with caffeinated (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.94; P-trend 0.009) and decaffeinated (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.46, 1.06; P-trend: 0.043) coffee consumption (≥4 cups/d compared with <1 cup/d), but cardiovascular disease and cancer risk were not. The competing risk analysis showed no significant differences between the risk associations of individual diseases.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that coffee consumption does not increase the risk of chronic disease, but it may be linked to a lower risk of T2D.
文献链接：https://www.ajcn.org/content/early/2012/02/14/ajcn.111.023648.abstract
